Integrated cellular manufacturing systems design with production planning and dynamic system reconfiguration

This paper presents and analyzes a comprehensive model for the design of cellular manufacturing systems (CMS). A recurring theme in research is a piecemeal approach when formulating CMS models. In this paper, the proposed model, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the most comprehensive one to date with a more integrated approach to CMS design, where production planning and system reconfiguration decisions are incorporated. Such a CMS model has not been proposed before and it features the presence of alternate process routings, operation sequence, duplicate machines, machine capacity and lot splitting. The developed model is a mixed integer non-linear program. Linearization procedures are proposed to convert it into a linearized mixed integer programming formulation. Computational results are presented by solving some numerical examples, extracted from the existing literature, with the linearized formulation.     

一种FMS的多机仿真方法

提出了一种利用由通信网络连接的计算机系统对ＦＭＳ进行仿真的方法，它是一种并行计算法，并能更自然地模拟ＦＭＳ的运行，最后给出了一台仿真器实例。     

Rapid prototyping of electrochemical energy storage devices based on two dimensional materials

Rapid prototyping methods such as additive manufacturing (three dimensional printing) and laser scribing have attracted much attention for manufacturing next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their simplicity, low cost, medium throughput, and ability to prepare electrodes with unique form factors and multiple functionalities, such as stretchability, flexibility, and wearability. Of the wide array of potential active materials that can be used for energy storage, two dimensional materials such as graphene, MXenes, and MoS₂ have exceptionally high conductive surface areas and are attractive candidates for printing thick, high loading supercapacitors and batteries. In this brief review, we highlight recent progress and major challenges which must be overcome to make these manufacturing approaches and the resulting printed devices commercially viable.     

Additive manufacturing and biomechanical validation of a patient‐specific diabetic insole

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that lower extremity amputation (LEA) rate of per 1000 diabetic patients is 18.4 because of the complications that first appeared in the foot. A second amputation is also required for 9% to 17% of these patients within the same year although LEA may be preventable. Most of the diabetic foot conditions may be prevented and treated by a therapeutic footwear or a medical device such as an insole or an orthotic shoe. Traditional insole manufacturing is a laborious work that requires specific skills. Moreover, traditional approaches contain harmful material particles that may cause respiratory failure. Unfortunately, manufactured insoles may not be suitable for any mass‐produced footwear in all cases. Therefore, patient requires to get insole‐specific footwear. In this study, a diabetic insole was manufactured by means of a fused deposition modeling‐(FDM) based system and a thermoplastic polymer. Biomechanical functionality was determined according to the applied polymer analysis on each produced sample and foam material. Subsequently, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to target insole geometry to ensure the quality of the final medical product. Additive and traditional manufactured insoles are compared according to the cost and function. As a result, fabrication of an insole, based on the FDM method, was improved down to 8 h and 9 m. The weight of an insole prototype was 74.74 g, and the material cost was $3.44 while total cost of the traditional foam casting was determined as $35.37 and weight of the insole was 72.6 g for this study. Consequently, benefits of the applied method are evaluated.     

3D printed PCL scaffold reinforced with continuous biodegradable fiber yarn: A study on mechanical and cell viability properties

In this study, poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were printed and reinforced, simultaneously, with biodegradable poly glycolic acid (PGA) suture yarn, as a continuous reinforcing fiber, in the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing process. Albeit PCL is a suitable material for biomedical applications, its low mechanical properties, and low degradation rate have limited its usage. A biocompatible suture yarn was used as the reinforcing material to enhance the mechanical properties and biodegradation characteristics, via an innovative method of continuous fiber embedding in the FDM process. The reinforced PCL samples were 3D printed with the setting porosity value of 60% and 0°/60°/120° lay-down pattern. The mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds were tested to prove the effectiveness of the produced scaffolds for bone substitute purposes. Mechanical properties assessments showed that with a 22 vol.% suture yarn content in the 3D printed PCL scaffolds, the tensile strength, and elastic modulus remarkably increased up to 374% and 775%, respectively. The degradation of the reinforced PCL was 20 times higher than that of the non-reinforced PCL samples, after ten weeks, dominated by the fiber degradation phenomenon. After three days of cell culture, the proliferation assay of the built scaffovd the non-toxicity of the reinforced PCL.     

钛冷凝器失效原因分析及国产化关键技术研究

分析了扬子石化公司PTA生产装置中氧化工段钛冷凝器的失效原因，通过断裂换热管的新口分析确定了钛管失效类型为疲劳断裂，根据列管振动分析计算结果，证实了钛冷凝器在运行过程中确实会产生振动，从而引起钛管疲劳失效。据此，提出了消除振动及改进冷凝器结构的措施，并就国产化制造中的关键技术开展试验与分析研究。     

生物制造工程的原理与方法

生物制造工程是以制造复杂组织和器官为目标的交叉学科研究领域。它运用现代制造科学与生命科学的原理与方法,通过细胞的受控三维组装制造活的组织和器官,修复或替代人体的病损组织和器官。细胞组装技术是生物制造工程的关键技术,它包括两类技术路线:细胞直接组装和细胞间接组装。该文阐述了生物制造工程的原理和方法,分析了国内外研究进展,并介绍了清华大学生物制造工程研究所的研究工作。     

NGMS 中的质量管理与质量保证信息系统初探

在分析了下一代制造系统（ＮＧＭＳ）的产生背景及其特征和构架的基础上，提出下一代制造系统中的质量管理与质量保证信息系统的特征，并将下一代制造系统中的质量管理与质量保证信息系统与传统的质量管理与质量保证信息系统进行了比较．然后提出了基于Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ和Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ的下一代制造系统中的质量管理与质量保证信息系统的系统框架和底层制造单元级质量信息子系统的具体结构．     

以独立制造岛为基础的虚拟企业

组建虚拟企业是增强企业市场竞争力、优化社会资源的一个有效途径。本文首先分析了虚拟企业应具有的特征及其需要的基础，然后介绍了独立制造岛的基本思想，并指出：独立制造岛可为虚拟企业的建立提供一个有力的保证。最后，介绍了一个以独立制造岛为基础的虚拟企业实验系统。     

Research of rapid and direct thick coatings deposition by hybrid plasma-laser

In this paper, a new technology of direct and rapid thick coatings fabrication with hybrid plasma-laser deposition manufacturing (PLDM) technology is advanced which is also suitable for functional prototyping and tooling applications. It emphasizes on the influence of laser to the microstructure of coatings and physical properties of surface layers. Unlike the direct rapid plasma deposition manufacturing (PDM), in hybrid plasma-laser deposition manufacturing, the laser beam enters into plasma arc beam and focuses on the molten pool as assisting heat energy. A 280 W pulsed Nd:YAG (yttrium-aluminum garnet) laser machine is used to inspect the effect. The experimental results show that the laser beam could improve the surface state; the elements distribution of coatings deposited by PLDM was even; the physical properties of surface coatings fabricated with PLDM were better than that deposited by PDM.