云制造中加工设备资源语义模型研究

为了解决云制造环境下加工设备资源的虚拟化封装问题,建立了一种开放的、柔性的加工设备资源模型。在深入解析制造资源内涵、分类、特性的基础上,分析了加工设备资源的特点,结合语义知识和WEB技术,建立了加工设备资源模型。给出了加工设备资源语义描述方法,建立了描述模板。最后详述了云制造资源匹配流程,为云制造平台资源管理提供了重要基础和条件。     

Manufacturing and characterization of porous titanium components

A powder-bed 3D printer (3DP) is investigated to fabricate porous titanium components. The titanium material was 3D printed and subsequently post-processed by thermal debinding and sintering. Characterization work was carried out to investigate the effects of sintering temperature on the internal porosity profile and shrinkage of 3D printed titanium components, the effects of different binder content on the overall shape of the pre-designed porous components and the effects of post-processing debinding profiles on the titanium components.     

Application of fuzzy compromise solution method for fit concept selection

The modern manufacturing environment is highly turbulent so as to satisfy the dynamic needs of customers’. To enable the achievement of competitiveness in this complex business environment, newer manufacturing strategies have been introduced for enabling waste elimination and enhancing flexibility and responsiveness of systems. Fit manufacturing is a competitive manufacturing paradigm which includes lean and agile systems coupled with sustainable benefits. This article presents a study in which the concept selection in fit environment was formulated as Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem and solved using fuzzy based compromise solution method, Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). The selected concept design of automotive component was subjected to implementation in the case organisation.     

辽宁省制造业规模经济与要素传导机制研究

研究对辽宁省经济发展举足轻重的制造业,要解决两个问题:一是辽宁省制造业的发展是否合理;二是需要对辽宁省制造业做出怎样的要素调整.基于1999年到2009年辽宁省制造业33个子行业的相关数据,运用C-D生产函数模型和VAR模型,结合脉冲响应分析,考察辽宁省制造业的发展与要素传导的动态影响.结果表明,辽宁省制造业存在显著的规模经济,资本和劳动投入对制造业产出具有长期的动态影响,但这种影响并不显著.     

基于ISM的制造型企业品牌竞争力影响因素结构分析

通过对制造型企业品牌竞争力内涵和主要特征的研究,筛选出影响制造型企业品牌竞争力的17个因素.在此基础上,运用解释结构模型(ISM)确定了这些影响因素之间的关系;通过建立制造型企业品牌竞争力主要影响因素的多级递阶结构模型,分析了该模型6个层级之间的关系和各影响因素在制造型企业品牌竞争力系统中所起的不同作用.研究结果对于制造型企业品牌竞争力的提升具有实际的指导意义.     

Orthotropic elastic behaviors and yield strength of fused deposition modeling materials: Theory and experiments

This work is devoted to study the mechanical behaviors of polylactic acid (PLA) materials from additive manufacturing, and an orthotropic model is established to predict the mechanical properties under arbitrary printing orientation. Firstly, the morphology of PLA material is analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, from which the orthotropic behavior of PLA material is obtained. Three printing planes are adopted, and on each printing plane different printing angles may be selected. The mechanical parameters, including Young's modulus, yielding stress, and Poisson's ratio, for material under different printing directions are determined via quasi-static experiments. Secondly, the orthotropic constitutive model of PLA materials under different printing angles is thus obtained, and the prediction method of orthotropic mechanical properties is built based on the coordinate transformation matrix, where the orthotropic coordinate transformation matrix is acquired by attitude angles (i.e., Euler angle, the rotation angle of the local coordinate system relative to the global coordinate system). Finally, the theoretical prediction method was verified, and high-quality printing methods were recommended. In addition, the obtained results of the model show that: for PLA material, the orthotropic hypothesis model is superior to the transverse isotropic hypothesis one. This present method is not only suitable for predicting the constitutive model of printed specimens in any direction but also for other materials of fused deposition modeling.     

基于DEA模型的合肥市制造业研发效率分析

基于合肥市第二次全国R&D资源清查公报最新数据,运用数据包络分析模型分析合肥市制造业12个行业大类在R&D活动中的投入产出效率.实证分析结果表明,行业大类间的研发效率差别较大,行业间对研发资源的管理使用水平不均.可通过加大研发资源的投入、人才引进、改进管理水平和调整行业规模进一步提高研发投入的效率.     

基于制造特性的微小型钟表机构有限元仿真

研究钟表机构微小型零件齿轮的齿向误差和位置误差对整个机构的影响.将有限元法和正交试验法相结合研究两种误差对整个机构耦合关系的影响;分别探求了齿向误差、位置误差极限,建立微小型无返回力矩钟表机构的有限元力学模型,并对钟表机构影响最大的位置误差和齿向误差组合进行有限元分析,验证所确定的误差极限值的合理性.该研究结果可为微小型钟表机构的设计、加工、检测、装配提供参考依据.     

转移批量自适应的作业排程优化方法

为了缩短产品交货期进而提高企业快速响应市场的能力,运用遗传算法对混合转移批量作业排程的组合优化问题提出了优化方法。算法使用了两套不同但有机结合且高效的选择、交叉等算子,同时对转移批量和作业排序进行优化。遗传操作实行了提高算法稳定性并延长优秀个体寿命等多种保优机制,使运算能在避免局部收敛的同时短时间内收敛于全局最优解或次优解。通过实例证明了算法在解决有多种转移批量的生产作业排程问题的有效性,对离散制造企业的作业排程具有重要意义。     

全球服务业转移背景下生产者服务对制造业转型升级的影响分析

生产者服务业的发展是制造业转型升级的主要推动力,从传统的生产者服务业和制造业互动关系出发,加入服务贸易、生产者服务业外商直接投资和对外投资等因素,构建了一个开放视角下生产者服务业和制造业行业间的互动网络.在定性分析的基础上,通过实证研究得出低层次的生产者服务业和低端的制造业的互动关系以及高层次生产者服务业和高端制造业的互动关系存在明显的不同,生产者服务业在其中扮演的角色也各不相同.另外,在制造业的转型升级中内部因子起着主导作用.