The Impacts of Crystalline Structure and Different Surface Functional Groups on Drug Release and the Osseointegration Process of Nanostructured TiO2

In implantable materials, surface topography and chemistry are the most important in the effective osseointegration and interaction with drug molecules. Therefore, structural and surface modifications of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO₂) layers are reported in the present work. In particular, the modification of annealed TiO₂ samples with —OH groups and silane derivatives, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is shown. Moreover, the ibuprofen release process was studied regarding the desorption-desorption-diffusion (DDD) kinetic model. The results proved that the most significant impact on the release profile is annealing, and further surface modifications did not change its kinetics. Additionally, the cell adhesion and proliferation were examined based on the MTS test and immunofluorescent staining. The obtained data showed that the proposed changes in the surface chemistry enhance the samples’ hydrophilicity. Moreover, improvements in the adhesion and proliferation of the MG-63 cells were observed.     

Highly stable dielectric frequency response of chemically synthesized Mn-substituted ZnFe2O4

The tenacity of the present study was to develop a material using an economical chemical route, having balance between magnetic and dielectric order parameters for maximum transmittance of electromagnetic waves in order to use them in shielding materials. In this context, Mn-Zn ferrites were prepared using a wet chemical based sol-gel auto-combustion technique. X-ray diffraction confirmed the pure phase formation of samples, while some impurity peaks were also present for the higher value of Mn substitution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a decrease in grain size with increasing Mn substitution. While energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of pure and Mn substituted samples, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tangent loss were decreased with increasing frequency and increasing Mn substitution. The complex electric modulus was found to be a function of frequency and values of complex electric modulus were increased with increasing frequency and Mn substitution. The complex impedance of RC series circuit and RC parallel circuit was also decreased with increasing both the parameters while AC conductivity was increased in the series. Dielectric frequency response was also studied for the prepared samples and the best match was found with expected results. The Nyquist and Cole-Cole plots revealed the semi-conductive behavior at higher frequency and Mn substitution also yielded the same results. The relative stability of the samples to be used as dielectric materials was also studied using Bode and Nichols plots, and a comparatively high gain margin was observed, well suitable for potential applications in electromagnetic shielding.     

Simultaneous analysis of current‐use pesticides and their transformation products in water using mixture‐sorbent solid phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Pesticides have posed significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, yet little is known about their transformation products. The challenge is to simultaneously analyze various pesticides and transformation products in water as they have distinct physicochemical properties. A mix‐mode solid phase extraction method was established to simultaneously analyze current‐use pesticides and their transformation products using a mixture of hydrophile–lipophile balance, weak anion, and cation exchange resins (2:1:1, w/w/w) in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for chemical quantification. Neutral, acidic, and alkaline methanol were used as the elution solvent. Box‐Behnken design was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Optimal conditions were as follows: sorbent mass, 200 mg; volume of elution solvent, 5 mL × 3; pH 4. The method was validated for compounds at concentrations from 20 to 1000 ng/L in different types of water samples, with recovery being from 43.5 ± 3.1 to 141 ± 35%. Low method detection limits (0.02?5.6 ng/L) implied that the developed method was sensitive. Finally, the method was applied to monitor current‐use pesticides and their transformation products in natural waters. Frequent detection of transformation products of pesticides indicated that their contribution to aquatic risk should not be ignored.     

2006—2016年三峡水库出入库水质变化及影响因素分析

使用2006—2016年宜昌断面及朱沱断面水质数据与影响因素数据,计算水质变化幅度,基于VAR模型的脉冲响应函数和方差分解,得到各影响因素对三峡水库出入库断面水质变化幅度的影响时长及贡献率大小.研究表明:长江从朱沱断面到宜昌断面水质变化幅度2006年为0. 07,到2016年下降到-0. 24,在年度上呈好转趋势.水质综合指数对工业污染源废水排放量的响应最大,持续时间最长;对农药施用折纯量和化肥施用折纯量的响应非常小,持续时间最短,但受其间接影响的持续时间非常长.主要驱动因素在研究时间内的贡献率由大到小依次为:工业污染源废水排放量贡献率为38. 10%、城镇生活污水排放量贡献率为33. 78%、船舶油污水贡献率为24. 17%、化肥施用折纯量贡献率为2. 61%、农药施用折纯量贡献率为1. 33%.不同污染物指数变化的影响因素不同,溶解氧的主要影响因素为船舶油污水产生量,高锰酸盐的主要影响因素为工业废水排放量,氨氮的主要影响因素为城镇生活污水排放量.     

Ni单原子催化剂表面CO2电还原动力学的电化学谱学解析

针对Ni单原子催化剂表面的CO₂电还原反应(CO₂RR), 提出了以Ni为活性位点的“单中心”机理以及同时借助Ni位点还原和碳氮锚定位水解的“双功能”机理. 依据稳态极化的实验结果, 开展了CO₂RR的动力学解析与模型参数的敏感性分析; 借助暂态模型方程, 分别获取可表达CO₂RR线性与非线性频响特征的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)与总谐波失真(THD)谱. 研究结果表明, CO₂的溶解分压对CO₂RR活性影响最显著. 若CO₂RR遵循“单中心”机理, Ni位点COOH_ads的形成为速率控制步骤; 但若为“双功能”机理, 碳氮锚定位的水解与Ni位点的CO_2,ads还原同为速率控制步骤. EIS理论上可用于区分CO₂RR的“单中心”机理与“双功能”机理; 与之相比, THD谱在CO₂RR的机理识别中并无优势.     

Simulating the dynamic behavior of planetary gearbox based on improved Hanning function

Planetary gearboxes are widely used in industrial machines. They usually work in harsh environments giving rise to damages and high maintenance costs. Condition monitoring is a key action allowing one to detect the presence of such damage ensuring healthy running conditions. The knowledge of the dynamic behavior of such a gearbox can be achieved using modeling tools as a primary step before conditioning the monitoring subject. In addition, modeling a gear set can help in the stage of design in order to optimize physical and geometric parameters of the system. Therefore, in this work, a two-dimensional lumped parameter model is adopted to build all vibration sources. The time-varying mesh stiffness is approximated as a square wave form. A novel mathematical formulation is proposed to model the amplitude modulation phenomenon due to the rotational motion of the planets around the center of the gearbox. Finally, the overall vibration signal is concluded as a summation of all vibration components influenced by the modulation function.     

密闭腔室内爆炸效应的数值模拟

为研究密闭腔室内爆炸效应的特性,采用有限元计算方法,对某密闭腔室内中心装药爆炸后流场的产生、传播和壳体动态响应全过程进行了数值研究. 从物理建模、网格划分、求解文件建立和计算结果分析等几个方面进行了较为详细的论述. 计算结果给出了密闭腔室内自由场几个观察点的压力时程曲线、腔室壁面上几个观察点的爆炸载荷压力曲线. 研究结果可以为公共场所等大型建筑物内爆炸效应研究以及结构强度设计提供理论依据.     

Structure,crystallization and dielectric resonances in 2–13 GHz of waste-derived glass-ceramic

Structure, kinetics of crystallization, and dielectric resonances of waste-derived glass-ceramic prepared via quench-heating route were studied as a function of dosage of iron ore tailing (IOT) within 20–40 wt% using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. The glass-ceramic mainly consisted of ferrite crystals embedded in borosilicate glass matrix. Crystallization kinetics and morphologies of ferrite crystals as well as coordination transformation of boron between [BO₄] and [BO₃] in glass network were adjustable by changing the amount of IOT. Dielectric resonances in 6–13 GHz were found to be dominated by oscillations of Ca²⁺ cations in glass network with [SiO₄] units on their neighboring sites. Ni²⁺ ions made a small contribution to those resonances. Diopside formed when IOT exceeded 35 wt%, which led to weakening of the resonances.     

Structural response of stiffened plates in similitude under a turbulent boundary layer excitation

In structural dynamics, similitude laws usually deal with simple configurations as thin flat plates with point forces. Only recently, few papers have analyzed stiffened shells or stochastic pressure loads.This research activity extends the applicability of some similitude laws, developed for thin flat plates under a turbulent boundary layer load, to ribbed plates forced by the same wall pressure fluctuations.The work addresses the problem of designing a scaled experimental test-article and, successively, of re-modulating the measured data in order to get the structural response of an original (unscaled) configuration.Due to the complexity of the structural domain, the design of a scaled configuration leads to a distorted similitude. Then, a simple approach, to circumvent the distortion effects, is proposed.