The Properties of Voronoi Tessellations for 2D Ising Fluid Near the Second-Order Magnetic Phase Transition

The topological and geometrical properties of Voronoi cells generated for 2D fluid of hard disks with Ising-like spins near the second-order phase transition from the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase are described for different disk densities. The comparison with Voronoi cells generated for the random hard disk system is given.     

The effects of flow split ratio and flow rate in manifolds

This paper reports a combined experimental and numerical investigation of three-dimensional steady turbulent flows in inlet manifolds of square cross-section. Predictions and measurements of the flows were carried out using computational fluid dynamics and laser Doppler anemometry techniques respectively. The flow structure was characterized in detail and the effects of flow split ratio and inlet flow rate were studied. These were found to cause significant variations in the size and shape of recirculation regions in the branches, and in the turbulence levels. It was then found that there is a significant difference between the flow rates through different branches. The performance of the code was assessed through a comparison between predictions and measurements. The comparison demonstrates that all important features of the flow are well represented by the predictions.     

Decay of confined,two-dimensional,spatially periodic arrays of vortices: A numerical investigation

The disarrangement of a perturbed lattice of vortices was studied numerically. The basic state is an exponentially decaying, exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Square arrays of vortices with even numbers of vortex cells along each side were perturbed and their evolution was investigated. Whether the energy in the perturbation grows somewhat before it decays or decays monotonically depends on the initial strength of the vortices of the basic state, the extent of lateral confinement and the structure of the perturbation. The critical condition for temporally local instability, i.e. the critical amplitude of the basic state that must be exceeded to allow energy transfer from the basic state to the perturbation, is discussed. In the strongly confined case of a square lattice of four vortices the appearance of enchancement of global rotation is the result of energy transfer from the basic state to a temporally local unstable mode. Energy is transferred from the basic state to larger-scaled structures (inverse cascade) only if the scales of the larger structures are inherently contained in the initial structure of the perturbation. The initial structure of the double array of vortices is not maintained except for a very special form of perturbation. The facts that large scales decay more slowly than small scales and that, when non-linearities are sufficiently strong, energy is transferred from one scale to another explain the differences in the disarrangement process for different initial strengths of the vortices of the basic state. The stronger vortices, i.e. the vortices perturbed in a manner that increases their strength, tend to dominate the weaker vortices. The pairing and subsequent merging (or capture) of vortices of like sense into larger-scale vortices are described in terms of peaks in the evolution of the square root of the palinstrophy divided by the enstrophy.     

Effect of ionic additives on the elution of sodium aryl sulfonates in supercritical fluid chromatography

Addition of a small amount of polar solvent (i.e., modifier) to CO2 in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has shown major improvements in both polar analyte solubility and interaction of the polar analyte with the stationary phase. Recently, the addition of an ionic component (i.e., additive) to the primary modifier by one of us has been shown to extend even further the application of SFC to polar analytes. In this work, the effect of various ionic additives on the elution of ionic compounds, such as sodium 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium 4-octylbenene sulfonate, has been studied. The additives were lithium acetate, ammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium acetate, and ammonium chloride dissolved in methanol. Three stationary phases with different degrees of deactivation were considered: conventional cyanopropyl, deltabond cyanopropyl, and bare silica. The effect of additive concentration and additive functionality on analyte retention was investigated. Sodium 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate was successfully eluted using all the additives with good peak shape under isocratic/isobaric/isothermal conditions. Different additives, however, yielded different retention times and in some cases different peak shapes.     

Theoretical study of the effect of frit quality on chromatography using computational fluid dynamics

Summary Frits at both ends of a chromatographic column, especially for a preparative column, have significant influence on the flow distribution within the column and thus the column efficiency. However, frits have received little attention from chromatographers in the past. Here a theoretical study was conducted with the aid of CFD software FLUENT to investigate the effect of frits on the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous chromatographic columns. A dimensionless number,FQ, was applied to characterize frit quality. This study visualized how frit quality affects the flow distribution and the concentration band, the shape of eluted pulse at the colum exit and column efficiency. Simulation results show that the development length of the flow distribution is related toFQ but has nothing to do with the packing heterogeneity. The curvature of the concentration band in a column depends onFQ and packing quality. This study shows column efficiency can be improved significantly by increasingFQ and/or frit permeability.     

胍胶压裂液体系在70℃下的破胶与悬砂性能研究

针对70℃储层,采用水溶性较好、残渣含量较少的超级胍胶作为胍胶压裂液的稠化剂,选用交联效果较好的有机硼交联剂以及其他添加剂作为压裂用压裂液体系。压裂液除具备携砂等基本性能外,还具备快速破胶易返排的特点。通过对破胶剂破胶机理的分析,和对压裂液破胶、携砂性能的综合评价,得到最佳破胶剂加量范围,实现压裂作业完成后压裂液快速破胶返排,减少对地层伤害的目的。     

Some solvable models of nonuniform classical fluids

A model classical fluid is constructed by assuming that the direct correlation functionc(r – r) is independent of any applied external field. Thermodynamic consistency requires thatc(r – r) 0, and permits explicit representation of the model by a many-body interaction potential. In the canonical ensemble, the model shows a phase transition to an infinite density condensed phase, but in the grand canonical ensemble only an anomalous transition to zero density vapor is found to stably exist.     

Lattice-BGK approach to simulating granular flows

Many continuum theories for granular flow produce an equation of motion for the fluctuating kinetic energy density (granular temperature) that accounts for the energy lost in inelastic collisions. Apart from the presence of an extra dissipative term, this equation is very similar in form to the usual temperature equation in hydrodynamics. It is shown how a lattice-kinetic model based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation that was previously derived for a miscible two-component fluid may be modified to model the continuum equations for granular flow. This is done by noting that the variable corresponding to the concentration of one species follows an equation that is essentially analogous to the granular temperature equation. A simulation of an unforced granular fluid using the modified model reproduces the phenomenon of clustering instability, namely the spontaneous agglomeration of particles into dense clusters, which occurs generically in all granular flows. The success of the continuum theory in capturing the gross features of this basic phenomenon is discussed. Some shear flow simulations are also presented.     

夹套冰温库内流场的数值模拟

随着计算机技术的飞速发展,计算流体力学(CFD)越来越广泛地应用于各个领域。通过CFD对复杂流动问题进行研究,能够较精确地反映流场的流动情况。利用CFD技术对夹套冰温库内的流场进行了稳态数值模拟,分析了夹套冰温库内流场的分布情况,讨论了该库体结构下不同送风速度对库内流场均匀性的影响。研究表明,具有夹套结构的冰温库,库内流场分布均匀,采用顶部静压箱送风,底部四周回风的送回风方式,能够使库内形成自上而下的均匀活塞流,不同送风速度对冰温库内流场的影响很小。研究结果证明数值模拟能较好地反映现实情况。     

Simulation of growing GaN in vertical HVPE reactor

The paper reports the setting up of a model of fluid dynamic for GaN HVPE system and the simulation. It is found that when the direction of gravity is opposite to the direction of GaCl flow inlet,there exits a distance at which the uniformity of the deposition is optimal. Here the good uniformity of the deposition is obtained when the distance between the substrate and GaCl inlet is 5 cm. The parameters of gas flow used in growing GaN are also optimized. In addition, the influence of gravity and buoyancy on...