各向异性GTN损伤模型及其在板料成形中的应用

基于Hill的二次各向异性弹塑性屈服准则（Hill’48）,发展了可以用来描述各向异性多孔延性材料损伤演化发展的GTN（Gurson—Tvergaard—Needleman）弹塑性细观损伤本构模型,将材料的塑性各向异性行为和损伤发展有机地耦合起来．分别采用基于Mises的各向同性GTN弹塑性损伤模型、基于Hill’48的各向异性GTN弹塑性损伤模型和传统的Mises弹塑性模型,对NUMISHEET’2002中考题圆杯深拉深成形工艺进行了数值模拟,对板料成形过程中损伤的累积发展及其对材料性能的影响进行了分析．结果表明：延性板料的各向异性行为对其宏观力学性能和损伤演化都有影响;GTN模型中的损伤变量反映了成形历史的影响,为复杂加载路径下的成形极限判据的提出提供了理论依据．     

新型永磁材料的研究

本文综述了我们对强各向异性永磁材料的研究结果．通过对各向异性稀土．铁氮永磁材料的结构和磁性的关系研究,利用速凝等技术实现对反磁化形核场的控制,获得了单晶颗粒型稀土铁氮化物,进而实现了高矫顽力和高磁能积．开发的稀土铁氮磁粉最大磁能积达到40MGOe以上．发现了HDDRNd2Fel4B各向异性形成的关键机制在于歧化阶段形成的具有“耗散结构特征”的柱状歧化微结构,据此提出了可以稳定生产高性能各向异性Nd—Fe．B的HDDR工艺,成功制备了磁能积为27MGOe的三元Nd—Fe—B磁粉和41MGOe多元Nd—Fe．B磁粉．同时还发现可以通过调控其微观结构来实现提高HDDR磁粉的矫顽力．另外利用铁磁Mn基材料强磁各向异性的特点,在无稀土永磁材料方面开发了纳米结构且具有反常矫顽力温度系数的MnBi磁体．上述成果的取得为高性能各向异性稀土粘结磁体的产业化提供了可能．     

缅甸蟒蛇腹鳞表面的摩擦机理及摩擦各向异性研究

采用原子力显微镜观察缅甸蟒蛇腹鳞表面的微观结构,采用UMT-2型摩擦磨损试验机研究不同载荷及运动方向的腹鳞表面的宏观摩擦各向异性,建立了摩擦运动的接触模型,分析了腹鳞表面的磨损机理.结果表明:腹鳞表面的微观结构由指状微突体和板结构部分周期排列而成,其结构可用9个特征参数定量描述;腹鳞表面摩擦力由分子作用力、表面微突体的犁沟力、楔形作用力以及材料弹性滞后共同引起;腹鳞表面的摩擦系数在0.07左右并与运动方向有关,摩擦系数随载荷增加而减小;后向运动及左、右侧向运动时摩擦系数基本相等,比前向运动时高33%左右;腹鳞表面微突体不同方向上倾斜角度的差异是引起摩擦各向异性的主要原因.研究结果对仿生制造摩擦各向异性表面提供实验依据.     

Li0.5-0.5xZnxFe2.5-0.5xO4纳米纤维的电纺制备及其结构和磁性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硝酸锂、硝酸锌和硝酸铁为主要原料,通过静电纺丝技术结合后期的热处理制备了直径在50～100 nm的单相Li0.5-0.5xZnxFe2.5-0.5xO4（x=0.0,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.8）纳米纤维.利用热重-差热分析、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计研...     

非晶态合金薄带与膜的巨磁电阻抗效应理论及计算

通过建立具有平面近横向各向异性场的非晶态合金薄带及膜的磁畴结构模型，利用线性化Maxwell方程组及Landau-Lifshitz方程，推出了在高频交变磁场及外加面内轴向直流磁场H_ex作用下的铁磁材料的与取向相关的磁导率表达式，得到了对方位角平均的相对磁导率及阻抗的计算式，导出了磁导率与张量磁化率分量间的关系，对材料磁导率的实部及虚部随H_ex的变化进行了计算，并给出了对应的磁谱图.建立的磁导率与外磁场的理论关系可将Panina及Kraus给出的理论结果统一起来. 关键词： 非晶态合金薄带及膜 取向相关磁导率 GMI效应理论与计算 近横向各向异性场     

Magnetic properties of Fe/ZnSe/Fe trilayers

The magnetic properties of Fe/Zn/Fe trilayers have been studied by ferromagnetic resonance and magnetization measurements. These measurements have been used to investigate the magnetic anisotropy of the iron layers and the magnetic coupling across the semiconductor spacer. The angular dependence of the resonance spectra has been measured in-plane and out-of-plane in order to deduce magnetic anisotropy constants of the samples. Experimental data were fitted by using an energy-density expression that includes bulk cubic anisotropy, growth-induced uniaxial in-plane anisotropy and perpendicular-surface anisotropy terms. A small ferromagnetic coupling is observed in the trilayers with spacer thickness up to .     

Relativistic and electron‐correlation effects on magnetizabilities investigated by the Douglas‐Kroll‐Hess method and the second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory

Isotropic and anisotropic magnetizabilities for noble gas atoms and a series of singlet and triplet molecules were calculated using the second‐order Douglas‐Kroll‐Hess (DKH2) Hamiltonian containing the vector potential A and in part using second‐order generalized unrestricted Møller‐Plesset (GUMP2) theory. The DKH2 Hamiltonian was resolved into three parts (spin‐free terms, spin‐dependent terms, and magnetic perturbation terms), and the magnetizabilities were decomposed into diamagnetic and paramagnetic terms to investigate the relativistic and electron‐correlation effects in detail. For Ne, Kr, and Xe, the calculated magnetizabilities approached the experimental values, once relativistic and electron‐correlation effects were included. For the IF molecule, the magnetizability was strongly affected by the spin‐orbit interaction, and the total relativistic contribution amounted to 22%. For group 17, 16, 15, and 14 hydrides, the calculated relativistic effects were small (less than 3%), and trends were observed in relativistic and electron‐correlation effects across groups and periods. The magnetizability anisotropies of triplet molecules were generally larger than those of similar singlet molecules. The so‐called relativistic‐correlation interference for the magnetizabilities computed using the relativistic GUMP2 method can be neglected for the molecules evaluated, with exception of triplet SbH. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009     

3DNSRMMCs网络骨架结构几何特征分析

用β-Si3N4颗粒浆料浸渍有机前驱体多孔聚合物材料,通过加热烧蚀掉聚合物,制备出三维空间连续网络结构预制块体。其几何特征遵循Euler定律、Aboav-Weaire定律和Levis准则等拓扑规律,在复制过程中,孔穴结构产生扭曲、变形,使其结构在空间三维方向上出现各向异性,各向异性率因扭曲变形程度不同而不同。通过实验数据测量和拓扑规律计算,定性和定量地描述了作为金属基复合材料增强相网络结构的几何特征,为获取复合材料优良性能奠定了基础。     

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging of the normal breast

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate diffusion anisotropy of the breast parenchyma and assess the range and repeatability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in normal breast tissue.

Materials and Methods

The study was approved by our institutional review board and included 12 healthy females (median age, 36 years). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed at 1.5 T using a diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging sequence. Diffusion tensor imaging parameters including tensor eigenvalues (λ₁, λ₂, λ₃), fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured for anterior, central and posterior breast regions.

Results

Mean normal breast DTI measures were λ₁=2.51×10⁻³ mm²/s, λ₂=1.89×10⁻³ mm²/s, λ₃=1.39×10⁻³ mm²/s, ADC=1.95±0.24×10⁻³ mm²/s and FA=0.29±0.05 for b=600 s/mm². Significant regional differences were observed for both FA and ADC (P<.05), with higher ADC in the central breast and higher FA in the posterior breast. Comparison of DTI values calculated using b=0, 600 s/mm² vs. b=0, 1000 s/mm², showed significant differences in ADC (P<.001), but not FA. Repeatability assessment produced within-subject coefficient of variations of 4.5% for ADC and 11.4% for FA measures.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates anisotropy of water diffusion in normal breast tissue and establishes a normative range of breast FA values. Attention to the influence of breast region and b value on breast DTI measurements may be important for clinical interpretation and standardization of techniques.     

Tunable interface anisotropy in a Pt/Co_(1-x)Fe_x/Pt multilayer

Interfacial magnetic anisotropy in a Pt/Co1-xFex /Pt multilayer is tuned by doping iron atoms into the cobalt layer.The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and out-of-plane coercivity are found to decrease with increasing x.For a specific x,the out-of-plane coercivity acquires a maximal value as a function of the thickness of the CoFe layer.At low temperature,the coercivity is enhanced.Small coercivity but reasonably large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be obtained by controlling the x and CoFe layer thickness.