Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples

The radiometric methods, alpha (α)-, beta (β)-, gamma (γ)-spectrometry, and mass spectrometric methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, accelerator mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, resonance ionization mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and glow discharge mass spectrometry are reviewed for the determination of radionuclides. These methods are critically compared for the determination of long-lived radionuclides important for radiation protection, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, repository of nuclear waste, tracer application in the environmental and biological researches, these radionuclides include ³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ⁴¹Ca, ^59,63Ni, ^89,90Sr, ⁹⁹Tc, ¹²⁹I, ^135,137Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ^226,228Ra, ²³⁷Np, ²⁴¹Am, and isotopes of thorium, uranium and plutonium. The application of on-line methods (flow injection/sequential injection) for separation of radionuclides and automated determination of radionuclides is also discussed.     

基于摩擦补偿的永磁球形电动机通电线圈的优化

为解决摩擦项导致控制系统品质恶化的问题,本文根据一种永磁球形电动机和支撑部件的结构,建立了永磁球形电动机的动力学模型和摩擦转矩模型.利用自适应滑模方法搭建摩擦补偿器,提出一种基于通电线圈优化的通电策略.此通电策略在自转和偏航两种运动形式下,对通电线圈进行了优化,实现在最小线圈损耗下的永磁球形电动机自转和偏航运行.并且该摩擦补偿器对摩擦转矩进行了在线估计,很好地补偿并抑制摩擦项的影响,实现对球形电动机的准确的跟踪控制.     

面向侧翻试验的线控主动转向试验台架构建

为了研究通过线控主动转向系统实现的侧翻控制,需要建立合适的试验台架.首先分析了面向侧翻的线控主动转向硬件在环实验平台结构,建立了整车模型、实验管理软件和硬件平台.硬件平台中包括转向器、磁粉制动器转矩模拟加载装置和数据采集装置.分别在75°方向盘角脉冲、25°方向盘角阶跃、20km·h~(-1)车速紧急调头、80km·h~(-1)车速双移线和70km·h~(-1)车速蛇形工况下,对仿真和实验下的表征整车侧翻程度的车身侧倾角进行了监测,得到两种结果相近,说明了该试验台架的侧翻实验的适用性.     

电动负载模拟器反演终端滑模控制

电动负载模拟器存在高阶非线性、参数时变以及多余力矩扰动,常规控制算法难以得到理想控制效果.本文提出一种反演设计的终端滑模控制策略.采用反演控制的思想,将加载系统划分为3个子系统,设计终端滑模控制律,并引入低通滤波器显著降低抖振,使跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到0.利用Lyapunov方法证明闭环系统的渐进稳定性及有限时间收敛特性,实验结果表明所提出控制策略的有效性,与常规前馈反馈控制相比,加载控制精度有显著提升.      

{Cu_3}单分子磁体在热平衡和磁场作用下的三体纠缠

本文研究了Na_9[Cu_3Na_3(H_2O)_9(α-As W_9O_(33))_2]·26H_2O(简记为{Cu_3})单分子磁体在热平衡和外加磁场作用下的三体纠缠性质,利用等效自旋模型和实验拟合参数,数值计算了{Cu_3}型三角自旋环中三体负性纠缠度(tripartite negativity).分别考虑沿垂直于三角自旋环方向的磁场、平行于三角自旋环方向的磁场,以及倾斜磁场的情形.结果表明,磁场的方向、大小以及温度对系统三体负性纠缠度有着重要影响.文中给出了在不同磁场方向下,临界温度随磁场强度的变化图,由此可以得到三体纠缠存在的参数区域.同时发现在特定的参数区域,该系统存在纠缠恢复现象.因此适当调节温度、磁场强度大小和磁场方向可以有效调控{Cu_3}型三角自旋环中的三体纠缠性质.     

新一代永磁型磁共振成像系统及其医学应用

简述了世界磁共振成像技术的发展趋势,分析了永磁型共振成像系统的常见不足及其产生的物理原因,据此,提出了解决这些问题的方法,同时,介绍了解决这些问题之后开发出的新一代永磁型磁振成像系统Ｏｐｅｎ Ｍａｒｋ２０００的特点及其在医学上的应用。     

凸极永磁同步发电机内阻抗特性对电压调整率的影响分析

通过相量法建立起永磁同步发电机的内阻抗数学模型,研究了内阻抗特性及其对电压调整率的影响,研究结果表明,发电机内阻抗具有电流和功率因数角负反馈特性,使得电压调整率在一定程度上得到改善,感性负载下的改善更多受益于发电机内阻抗的功率因数角负反馈,且中、低功率因数下电压调整率的改善效果主要取决于直轴反应电抗,阻性和近阻性负载下取决于交轴反应电抗,根据数值计算和分析确定出了获得最佳电压调整率时电枢反应电抗的变化范围。实验测量表明,电枢反应电抗处于最佳区域内可使电压调整率得到明显改善。     

磁悬浮列车原理简介

对磁悬浮列车的提升和推进的原理作简要介绍。     

High Power, Frequency Tunable, Submillimeter Wave ESR Device Using a Gyrotron as a Radiation Source

ESR device using a submillimeter wave gyrotron as a radiation source and a pulse magnet for high field up to 30 T has been constructed. Our gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU series) were developed as millimeter and submillimeter wave radiation sources and have attractive advantages for ESR spectroscopy, for example, high power and frequency tunability over broad range. The ESR device has been successfully applied to three cases of ESR measurements. In the first case, the temperature dependence of ESR was measured for a typical antiferromagnetic material MnO at the frequency of 301 GHz. In the second case, the dependence of the fine structure constant of the ruby on the magnetic field intensity was measured in the millimeter to submillimeter wave region. In these two cases, the gyrotron was operated by complete cw mode. In the final case, a pulse technique was applied to the ESR, the gyrotron was operated in pulse mode and the pulsed magnetic field was generated in the synchronized phase with the gyrotron operation.