Synthesis of 2nd generation dendritic polymeric materials via anionic polymerization procedures in combination with chlorosilane chemistry, consisting either from one polydienic segment (homopolymers) or from two chemically different polydienic components (copolymers), is described. The polydienes used were poly(butadiene) (PB) with ∼90% 1,4-isomerism and poly(isoprene) (PI) with increased 3,4-isomerism (∼60%). Molecular characterization of intermediate products and the final dendritic materials was made with Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Membrane and Vapour Pressure Osmometry (MO and VPO respectively), Gas Chromatography –Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Spectroscopy, leading to the conclusion that they can be considered model polymers. Morphological studies solely with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have been conducted on two of the four synthesized copolymer samples exhibiting microphase separation between the two polydiene segments. 相似文献
Radical polymerizations from third to fifth generation macromonomers were conducted in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). It was found that all monomers were not soluble in such a medium, and reactions occurred in the CO2‐swollen monomer matrices. Despite the expected severe diffusion limitations, very high conversions and molecular weights were obtained. It is believed that the plasticization effect induced by the CO2 plays a key role in these surprising findings. Scanning force microscopical analyses confirmed that mainly linear dendronized polymers were obtained and therefore chain transfer to polymer is virtually irrelevant.
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogels were synthesized in organic solvents, or for better results in water, via the free-radical homopolymerization of α,ω-methacryl-oyloxy PEO macromonomers. Their characteristics (amount of extractable material, equilibrium swelling degree, uniaxial compression modulus) could be controlled by the polymerization parameters (precursor molar mass, macromonomer concentration, polymerization time). In aqueous media, the hydrophobic end-standing polymerizable methacrylic units of the macromonomers self-organize, and their polymerization leads to networks with better mechanical properties than those prepared with the same macromonomers but in organic solvents. In vitro tests confirmed their good biocompatibility: almost no adhesion of cells was evident. It was confirmed that glucose diffuses through these hydrogels. Insulin diffusion was also studied but found to be more complex.
Schematic representation of a device for an artifical pancreas based on a vascular system. 相似文献
Herein, we report one-step synthesis of polymethacrylates-based macromonomers (MMs) in the presence of an organocatalyst phosphazene base (t-BuP4) and a functional initiator N-butyl-4-vinylbenzamide (N-BVBA) containing a secondary amide and a styrenic double bond. A series of styrenic MMs with controlled molecular weight and relatively narrow polydispersity were synthesized under mild conditions. Detailed NMR analyses of the initiation process suggested that the anionic polymerization was initiated by nitrogen anion generated from abstraction of the proton from the secondary amide. NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analyses confirmed: (1) the selective polymerization of methacrylate-type double bonds, (2) controlled chain-end functionality of MMs with an unreacted styrenic double bond, as well as (3) the absence of transesterification between N-BVBA and methacrylate monomers. Furthermore, the homopolymerization and copolymerization of the MMs with comonomers were carried out for the preparation of graft copolymers. Through conventional radical polymerization, graft copolymers with different grafting densities were obtained at high MMs conversions, indicating the high reactivity of MMs. Thus, the one-step approach demonstrates a simple metal-free access to the controlled synthesis of MMs, and the prepared MMs can polymerize efficiently to convert into graft copolymers. 相似文献