A g-Type Lysozyme from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Kills Selectively Gram-Negative Bacteria

Lysozyme is a key effector molecule of the innate immune system in both vertebrate and invertebrate. It is classified into six types, one of which is the goose-type (g-type). To date, no study on g-type lysozyme in crustacean has been documented. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a g-type lysozyme (named LysG1) from the shrimp inhabiting a deep-sea hydrothermal vent in Manus Basin. LysG1 possesses conserved structural features of g-type lysozymes. The recombinant LysG1 (rLysG1) exhibited no muramidase activity and killed selectively Gram-negative bacteria in a manner that depended on temperature, pH, and metal ions. rLysG1 bound target bacteria via interaction with bacterial cell wall components, notably lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and induced cellular membrane permeabilization, which eventually caused cell lysis. The endotoxin-binding capacity enabled rLysG1 to alleviate the inflammatory response induced by LPS. Mutation analysis showed that the bacterial binding and killing activities of rLysG1 required the integrity of the conserved α3 and 4 helixes of the protein. Together, these results provide the first insight into the activity and working mechanism of g-type lysozyme in crustacean and deep-sea organisms.     

美洛昔康与溶菌酶作用机制的光谱分析及理论模建研究

为了探究美洛昔康与溶菌酶的作用机制,在pH=7.40的实验条件下,采用荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱和理论模建分析技术研究了类风湿性关节炎药物美洛昔康与溶菌酶分子之间的相互作用。结果表明,美洛昔康能够以静态猝灭形式有效地猝灭溶菌酶的内源荧光,形成1∶1的复合物,并使溶菌酶的构象发生改变。热力学结果表明,美洛昔康-溶菌酶体系的主要作用力类型为疏水作用力。理论模建结果表明,该体系除疏水作用外还存在氢键作用,且美洛昔康被溶菌酶的活性氨基酸残基Glu35和Asp52包围,结合作用改变了溶菌酶催化活性中心处氨基酸残基的微环境。当患者服用15 mg美洛昔康时,美洛昔康与溶菌酶的蛋白结合率W(B)为3.71%~8.79%,说明美洛昔康与溶菌酶的结合对溶菌酶自身抗炎、抗菌功能的影响不大,体系药物结合率W(Q)为1.08%~1.14%,说明溶菌酶与美洛昔康结合不会影响美洛昔康的药效。该研究从理论上证明了溶菌酶在血浆环境中与药物美洛昔康结合后,对溶菌酶本身功能和美洛昔康的药效不会产生严重影响。     

Solvent freeze out crystallization of lysozyme from a lysozyme‐ovalbumin mixture

Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) crystallization conditions from an ovalbumin‐lysozyme mixture were found by screening tests and further located in pseudo‐phase diagrams. This information was used to set up the initial conditions for the solvent freeze out (SFO) process. The process uses the freezing of ice to create the supersaturation for the proteins to crystallize out of the solution. The crystallization of HEWL (15 mg/mL) out of a lysozyme‐ovalbumin mixture (1.7 mg/mL) is carried out by SFO. Under the reported conditions, a crystallization yield of 69 % was obtained. A mean crystal size of 77.8 µm was enhanced in a crystallization time of 15.1 h. The lysozyme nature of the crystals is proven by SDS PAGE and enzymatic activity tests. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

CdTe量子点-罗丹明B荧光共振能量转移法测定溶菌酶

合成了以硫代乙醇酸为稳定剂的CdTe量子点,以发射波长为530 nm的量子点为供体,罗丹明B为受体,建立一种以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为介质的荧光共振能量体系检测溶菌酶含片中溶菌酶含量的方法。结果表明:在pH=5.0时,溶菌酶的浓度与共振能量转移效率降低值在2×10^-7~ 8×10^-6 mol·L^-1范围内呈线性关系,其线性方程为Y=306.07-13.85X,相关系数为0.991 0,检出限为2×10^-8 mol·L^-1,RSD为5.8%,平均回收率为101%(n=5)。     

Pressure induced changes in proteins studied in the diamond anvil cell with Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

The pressure induced denaturation of serum albumin and lysozyme is studied. Preliminary results suggest that the changes induced in serum albumin are reversible below 10 kbar.     

Direct Biomolecule Binding on Nonfouling Surfaces via Newly Discovered Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Lysozyme under Physiological Conditions

When lysozyme is dissolved in a neutral HEPES buffer solution (pH = 7.4) with 0.001–0.050 M TCEP added, a fast phase transition process occurs and the resulting novel fiber‐like hierarchical supramolecular assemblies made by primary spherical‐particle aggregation can function as a “superglue” that binds strongly and quickly onto non‐fouling coatings. This binding is highly selective towards lysozyme, and excludes synthetic, chemical/physical activation/deactivation (blocking) steps. By using biotinylated lysozyme, such a phase transition quickly creates a perfect biotinylated surface on non‐fouling surfaces for avidin binding, showing great potential for the development of low‐cost and practical biochips.

     

溶菌酶分子印迹聚合物膜的制备及其吸附性能

以溶菌酶为模板蛋白质，结合分子印迹技术在硅烷化的基质玻片上制备了溶菌酶分子印迹聚合物膜。实验优化了溶菌酶聚合物膜的印迹体系，考察了溶菌酶分子印迹聚合物膜的吸附平衡时间、最大吸附量、特异识别能力、重复使用性以及对实际样品中溶菌酶的分离情况。结果表明，在最优条件下，制备的分子印迹聚合物膜对溶菌酶具有特异吸附能力，印迹因子为3.0，吸附平衡时间为5 min，吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附模型，理论最大吸附量为42.5 mg/g，实际样品中的吸附量为30 mg/g。且此印迹聚合物膜在重复使用5次后，最大吸附量仅下降了5%，具有良好的重复使用性。该方法为复杂生物样品中目标蛋白质的分离富集提供了一种快速、高效的手段。     

溶菌酶溶液的膜结晶工艺及影响因素

为研究溶菌酶溶液膜结晶的工艺过程和影响结晶效果的因素,采用超滤法从溶菌酶溶液中脱除溶剂,使溶液达到过饱和,在结晶助剂的作用下,制得了溶菌酶晶体.使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和红外光谱对晶体进行了检测和分析.结果表明:采用截留分子质量为5 ku的疏水性聚醚砜超滤膜,以切向流方式进行超滤,当结晶助剂NaC l含量为5%、溶液流速为1000μm/s时,晶体粒度最大,达0.2mm,且晶体质量良好,符合X射线衍射分析的要求.     

家蚕抗菌蛋白Cecropin D和Lysozyme的分离纯化及性质鉴定

经大肠杆菌E．coli K12D31诱导后的家蚕幼虫，其免疫血淋巴经CM-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析及HPLC分离后，得到2种抗菌蛋白，经液相色谱-电喷雾质谱（ESI-MS）分析鉴定，纯化的2种抗菌蛋白分别是家蚕抗菌肽eeeropin D和溶菌酶lysozyme酸性电泳（A-PAGE）测活免疫血淋巴得到抗菌蛋白活性谱：cecropin D在8h无显著表达，12h有较强抗菌活性，30h达到最高，以后逐渐降低；lysozyme在8h后检测到表达，12h到达高峰，之后逐渐下降，48h的血淋巴中未检测到明显的表达．研究认为抗菌蛋白lysozyme和cecropin D是家蚕幼虫感染细菌8h后大量表达的抗菌蛋白，主要参与细菌感染12～30h的血淋巴对细菌的清除，是参与家蚕幼虫抗菌免疫的重要蛋白．     

Preferential solvation of lysozyme by dimethyl sulfoxide in binary solutions of water and dimethyl sulfoxide

To reveal the denaturation mechanism of lysozyme by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thermal stability of lysozyme and its preferential solvation by DMSO in binary solutions of water and DMSO was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and using densities of ternary solutions of water (1), DMSO (2) and lysozyme (3) at 298.15 K. A significant endothermic peak was observed in binary solutions of water and DMSO except for a solution with a mole fraction of DMSO (x ₂) of 0.4. As x ₂ was increased, the thermal denaturation temperature T _m decreased, but significant increases in changes in enthalpy and heat capacity for denaturation, ΔH _cal and ΔC _p, were observed at low x ₂ before decreasing. The obtained amount of preferential solvation of lysozyme by DMSO (∂g ₂/∂g ₃) was about 0.09 g g⁻¹ at low x ₂, indicating that DMSO molecules preferentially solvate lysozyme at low x ₂. In solutions with high x ₂, the amount of preferential solvation (∂g ₂/∂g ₃) decreased to negative values when lysozyme was denatured. These results indicated that DMSO molecules do not interact directly with lysozyme as denaturants such as guanidine hydrochloride and urea do. The DMSO molecules interact indirectly with lysozyme leading to denaturation, probably due to a strong interaction between water and DMSO molecules.