精神分裂症患者T淋巴细胞上CD226分子的表达研究

目的 通过检测T细胞上CD226分子的表达情况来阐明SCH患者T细胞的活化状态及功能．方法 将精神分裂症患者和正常对照群的外周血单个核细胞各分为植物血凝素(PHA)刺激组与非刺激组,用双色免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术检测T细胞上CD226分子的表达百分率,观察PHA刺激对T细胞表达CD226的影响．结果 1)无论是否给予PHA刺激,SCH患者外周血T淋巴细胞上CD226阳性百分率均显著高于正常对照组．2)给予PHA刺激后,SCH患者和正常对照者外周血T淋巴细胞上CD226分子的表达均显著增高;在升高幅度上,SCH患者CD226表达增长值显著低于正常对照组．3)在患者与对照组二者之间,未发现CD4,CD8 2个T细胞亚群之间CD226表达百分率存在显著性差异．4)精神分裂症患者CD226的表达与性别无关．结论 SCH患者外周血T淋巴细胞上CD226分子的表达百分率显著升高,细胞敏感性增强．在SCH患者体内。大量T淋巴细胞已处于活化状态．SCH患者体内存在某种非正常刺激因素。     

Immunostimulatory properties of a novel polyphosphoramidate based on stearyl tyrosine

The immunostimulatory property of a synthetic polyphosphoramidate based on stearyl tyrosine (PPST) is described. The immunostimulatory activity of this negatively charged polymer was investigatedin vitro through examining the effect on the mitogen-induced lymphocytes proliferation by a tetrazolium-based colormetric assay and also through studying the primary plaque-forming cells (IgM PFC) responses of Balb/c mice after the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the polymer with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). PPST exhibits specific and high immunostimulatory activityin vitro by the stimulation on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced murine B-cells proliferation, which is probably due to the interaction between the polymer with LPS-responding B lymphocytes. This polymer also makes a significant increase of single antibody producing cells. The result shows that the stimulation rate to IgM PFC response of Balb/c mice achieved 77.9% (p<0.01) when 160 mg/kg of PPST was injected 4 h before with SRBC. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Research Laboratories of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs of Beijing Medical University Zhuo Renxi: born in Feb. 1931, Professor     

Cultivation of Encapsulated Primary Human B Lymphocytes: A First Step toward a Bioartificial Germinal Center

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules based on sodium cellulose sulfate (SCS) and poly-diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) have previously been proposed as a suitable ex vivo microenvironment for the cultivation and differentiation of primary human T lymphocytes. Here, the same system is investigated for the cultivation of human primary B cells derived from adult tonsillar tissue. Proliferation and differentiation into subtypes are followed and compared to suspension cultures of B cells from the same pool performed in parallel. Total cell expansion is somewhat lower in the capsules than in the suspension cultures. More importantly, however, the differentiation of the initially mainly memory B cells into various subtypes, in particular into plasma cell (PC), shows significant differences. Clearly, the microenvironment provided by the microcapsules is beneficial for an accelerated induction of a germinal center-like B cell phenotype and afterward supports the long-term survival of the PC cells. Then, varying the encapsulation conditions (i.e., presence of human serum and dedicated cytokines in the capsule core) provides a tool for finetuning the B cell response. Hence, this methodology is suggested to pave the way toward ex vivo development of human immune organoids.     

Estimation of spectra sample size for characterizing single cells using micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Single‐cell micro‐Raman spectroscopy has the potential to become a powerful, new cytometric approach for discriminating between cell types and identifying subpopulations of cells based on differences in the intrinsic, molecular content of the cells. Despite the considerable progress in demonstrating many biomedical applications of single‐cell Raman spectroscopy, an unresolved issue with this method is the inconsistent manner in which the technique has been applied experimentally to acquire spectra from a cell, which can potentially lead to irreproducible and inconsistent results from study to study. Specifically, the problem pertains to the validity of using micro‐Raman spectroscopy to sample an arbitrary fraction of the cell volume and to claim that the resulting spectrum represents the entire cell volume. In this study, we investigate the effect of sample size (i.e. the number of Raman spectra acquired from distinct locations in a cell) on the ability to generate a Raman spectrum that accurately describes the total molecular content of the cell. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a minimum sample size of Raman spectra acquired from a cell can be used in place of a full hyperspectral Raman image to achieve the same degree of discrimination between different cell populations. Lymphocytes exposed to the chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, at different concentrations and exposure times are used as a model biological system in this study. This work demonstrates the importance of adequate spectral sampling and presents an approach for determining the minimum sample size needed to reproduce a Raman spectrum of a whole cell, which are expected to impact future single‐cell Raman spectroscopy studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.