Effect of gravity on subject-specific human lung deformation

A biomechanical model of human lung is developed and used to investigate the effect of gravity on lung deformation. The lung is assumed to behave as a poro-elastic medium with spatially dependent elastic property. Finite element analysis is performed on a three-dimensional (3D) lung geometry reconstructed from a four-dimensional Computed Tomography (4DCT) scan dataset of human patient. The spatially dependent Young’s modulus (YM) values are estimated using inverse analysis from a linear elastic deformation model. The predicted deformation of selected landmarks is monitored with and without gravity, and compared with data obtained from 4DCT registration. The results show that gravity indeed significantly affects the magnitude and distribution of lung deformation with the maximum displacement enhanced by 54% in the direction of gravity, for the conditions investigated. In summary, the accuracy of predicted deformation is improved through incorporation of gravity in the biomechanical model of lung.     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术的肺癌早期诊断研究

表面增强拉曼光谱技术是近年来快速发展的一种痕量特征标记性物质检测技术,以提高检测灵敏度为目的的表面增强拉曼光谱技术非常适合于生命科学研究。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术对肺癌患者及正常人的唾液样本进行检测,并进行光谱分析,建立了肺癌患者唾液样本的实验模型,对该模型系统分析可为肺癌诊断提供辅助依据。统计学分析效果良好,并发现了分类比较明确的特异性波段1015cm-1～1070cm-1和1250cm-1～1280cm-1。在找出的12个特征峰的基础上应用K-均值方法验证了其判别准确性,结果提示提取的12个特征峰有一定的代表性,能够代表近2000个波数的拉曼光谱图,灵敏度较特异度高,说明该方法适合预防性筛查工作。     

Study on the activity and mechanism of skimmianine against human non-small cell lung cancer

The present research was to investigate the effects of skimmianine (SK) in four non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that SK can significantly inhibit the growth of NSCLC cells and markedly induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells. The effects of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction were in a concentration–response relationship and caspase-dependent manner.     

佤语语音语料端点检测算法

端点检测是语音信号处理的过程中非常重要的一个环节,其准确性直接影响语音信号处理的速度和结果.特别是在实际应用中因信噪比较低,使得某些高信噪比下性能好的端点检测算法准确率也比较低.为了提高在低信噪比的环境下佤语语音端点检测的准确率,本文使用了一种基于多窗谱估计谱减法和能熵比法的语音端点检测复合算法.该算法首先利用多窗谱估计谱减法去除语音的背景噪音以提高信噪比;其次再对去噪后的语音使用能熵比算法进行端点检测;最后借助Matlab工具对佤语语音进行仿真实验.仿真结果表明:对于低信噪比的环境下的佤语语音,本文使用的基于多窗谱估计谱减法和能熵比法复合算法同常规能熵比算法相比,端点检测的准确率提高了34%.     

基于模式识别的人体肺癌电阻抗检测方法研究

根据阻抗频谱理论及模式识别理论,对手术中切除的恶性肿瘤组织及非肿瘤组织进行阻抗测量并进行肺癌辨识.利用Agilent4294A阻抗分析仪测量手术中切除样本的阻抗值,获得100,Hz~100,MHz频率激励下的阻抗频谱,经最小二乘算法拟合,得到频谱特征参数.将测量样本分成训练集与测试集,设计LMSE及Fisher两种线性分类器;分类器经训练后获得判别函数,利用分类器对测试集进行分类实验.研究结果表明,LMSE以及Fisher算法对测试样本均能进行有效识别,并且识别结果与病理切片分析结果吻合,验证了基于模式识别的方法对肺癌阻抗检测进行辨识的可行性与可靠性,为肿瘤早期筛查提供有效检测方法.     

非小细胞肺癌细胞A549对紫杉醇耐药机理研究

目的利用非小细胞肺癌细胞对紫杉醇的耐药株A549/taxol,研究其对紫杉醇耐药性的分子机理.方法通过长时间低浓度的紫杉醇处理A549细胞的方法获得其耐药细胞株A549/taxol,提取细胞总RNA并逆转录为cDNA,实时荧光定量PCR观察其凋亡基因的表达情况,并通过不同siRNA处理细胞进行基因沉默,研究其在不同遗传背景下对紫杉醇的耐受情况.结果发现非小细胞肺癌细胞对紫杉醇的耐药株A549/taxol的基因表达紊乱,表现为ING5的高表达抑制了凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达水平,而Bcl-2是紫杉醇诱导细胞凋亡所必需的.结论以上结果初探了A549对紫杉醇耐药性的机制,为探寻紫杉醇化疗新策略提供了新的思路.     

扬州市肺癌发病风险因素的Logistic回归分析

取扬州市中医院2010年1月-2013年12月住院治疗的肺癌患者,共425例,对照组为同期来院体检或探视病人的家属,共425例,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,并使用Logistic回归分析来进行统计,分析扬州市肺癌病人发病的风险因素。结果表明,肺部疾病对肺癌发病率的影响最大,然后依次是内向忧郁的不良情绪,吸烟因素,患有高血压疾病;经常食用新鲜蔬菜瓜果则是肺癌的保护性因素.给出建议:应培养乐观积极的心态,大力提倡健康的生活方式,多吃新鲜蔬果,适当进行一些体育锻炼,加强控烟力度,防治慢性病.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 1,2,6-Thiadiazinone Kinase Inhibitors as Potent Inhibitors of Solid Tumors

A focused series of substituted 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones was designed and synthesized to probe the anti-cancer properties of this scaffold. Insights from previous kinase inhibitor programs were used to carefully select several different substitution patterns. Compounds were tested on bladder, prostate, pancreatic, breast, chordoma, and lung cancer cell lines with an additional skin fibroblast cell line as a toxicity control. This resulted in the identification of several low single digit micro molar compounds with promising therapeutic windows, particularly for bladder and prostate cancer. A number of key structural features of the 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one scaffold are discussed that show promising scope for future improvement.     

Design,Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Study of Benzyloxybenzaldehyde Derivatives as Selective ALDH1A3 Inhibitors

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) has recently gained attention from researchers in the cancer field. Several studies have reported ALDH1A3 overexpression in different cancer types, which has been found to correlate with poor treatment recovery. Therefore, finding selective inhibitors against ALDH1A3 could result in new treatment options for cancer treatment. In this study, ALDH1A3-selective candidates were designed based on the physiological substrate resemblance, synthesized and investigated for ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3 and ALDH3A1 selectivity and cytotoxicity using ALDH-positive A549 and ALDH-negative H1299 cells. Two compounds (ABMM-15 and ABMM-16), with a benzyloxybenzaldehyde scaffold, were found to be the most potent and selective inhibitors for ALDH1A3, with IC₅₀ values of 0.23 and 1.29 µM, respectively. The results also show no significant cytotoxicity for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 on either cell line. However, a few other candidates (ABMM-6, ABMM-24, ABMM-32) showed considerable cytotoxicity on H1299 cells, when compared to A549 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 14.0, 13.7 and 13.0 µM, respectively. The computational study supported the experimental results and suggested a good binding for ABMM-15 and ABMM-16 to the ALDH1A3 isoform. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that benzyloxybenzaldehyde might be considered a promising scaffold for further drug discovery aimed at exploiting ALDH1A3 for therapeutic intervention.     

检测AKT1基因E17K突变的高分辨率熔解曲线法（HRM）的建立及应用

建立并优化HRM方法检测AKT1基因的E17K(49G>A)突变,并在85例非小细胞肺癌中应用该法检测AKT1基因的E17K突变.设计、合成针对AKT1基因的E17K突变的引物、探针,优化不对称PCR条件及高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)基因突变分析方法.对85例非小细胞肺癌标本提取的基因组DNA,应用HRM基因突变分析方法和直接测序的方法检测了AKT1基因的E17K突变情况.经优化后,设计的引物在不对称PCR反应条件下可扩增出良好的条带.检测探针与野生型模板的扩增产物杂交后,其解链温度要高于与突变型产物杂交的解链温度.野生型和突变型的质粒模板所产生的熔解曲线可见显著差异,相应的Tm值相差约 3.5℃.经HRM基因突变分析方法和直接测序法检测,在85例非小细胞肺癌标本检测到1例AKT1基因的E17K位点为杂合突变型,其余均为野生型.本研究建立的对AKT1 E47K突变检测的HRM方法是一种灵敏、准确、快速的方法.另外,本研究仅在非小细胞肺癌患者中发现频率极低的AKT1 E47K突变.