中国民族音乐演出厅堂响度优选值

为了研究中国民族音乐欣赏的响度优选值，在数个民乐实际演出厅堂里进行声压级测量，并同步进行音质响度评价，总结得出中国民族音乐欣赏的响度优选值为81至89dB，该结果对于我国民族音乐演出模式以及演出厅堂的研究均具有重要指导意义。     

Dependence of binaural loudness summation on interaural level difference and frequency for pure tones

Most of the existing loudness models are based on the diotic listening hypothesis,though human beings always hear in dichotic listening conditions.In this situation,the arithmetic mean of loudness at both ears is usually taken as the approximate value of overall perceived loudness,unaffected by the interaural level difference(ILD).The present work investigated the overall perceived loudness for pure tones in dichotic listening conditions through a subjective experiment.Two experimental procedures and system...     

对等响度控制电路的分析与改进

在分析RC频率补偿等响度控制电路基础上对电路进行改进并进行比较.     

Influence of the Number of Loudspeakers on the Timbre in Horizontal and Mixed-Order Ambisoncis Reproduction

Ambisonics is a series of flexible spatial sound reproduction systems based on spatial harmonics decomposition of sound field. Traditional horizontal and spatial Ambisonics reconstruct horizontal and spatial sound field with certain order of spatial harmonics, respectively. Both the Shannon-Nyquist spatial sampling frequency limit for accurately reconstructing sound field and the complexity of system increase with the increasing order of Ambisonics. Based on the fact that the horizontal localization resolution of human hearing is higher than vertical resolution, mixed-order Ambisonics (MOA) reconstructs horizontal sound field with higher order spatial harmonics, while reconstructs vertical sound field with lower order spatial harmonics, and thereby reaches a compromise between the perceptual performance and the complexity of system. For a given order horizontal Ambisoncis or MOA reproduction, the number of horizontal loudspeakers is flexible, providing that it exceeds some low limit. By using Moore’s revised loudness model, the present work analyzes the influence of the number of horizontal loudspeakers on timbre both in horizontal Ambisonics and MOA reproduction. The binaural loudness level spectra (BLLS) of Ambisoncis reproduction are calculated and then compared with those of target sound field. The results indicate that below the Shannon-Nyquist limit of spatial sampling, increasing the number of horizontal loudspeakers influence little on BLLS then timbre. Above the limit, however, the BLLS for Ambisoncis reproduction deviate from those of target sound field. The extent of deviation depends on both the direction of target sound field and the number of loudspeakers. Increasing the number of horizontal loudspeakers may increase the change of BLLS then timbre in some cases, but reduce the change in some other cases. For MOA, the influence of the number of horizontal loudspeakers on BLLS and timbre reduces when virtual source departs from horizontal plane to the high or low elevation. The subjective evaluation experiment also validates the analysis.     

人耳听阈曲线的测定

介绍一个面向医学专业的本科生开设的物理实验。该实验利用声波方面的声强、声强级、响度、响度级和听觉曲线等物理知识，完成了对人耳听阈曲线测定的实验设计，为临床听力仪的正确使用打下良好基础。     

混合动力车型燃油箱晃荡声的时变响度评价方法与降噪应用

随着市场对汽车舒适性要求的提高,燃油箱油液晃动噪声问题越来越受重视。尤其是对于混合动力乘用车型,由于缺少发动机怠速噪声的掩蔽效应,更容易引起市场用户对燃油箱晃荡声的抱怨。该文以某搭载皮带驱动起动发电机混合动力SUV车型的燃油箱晃荡声问题为案例,系统性地进行了整车测试分析与路径排查工作,结合非稳态的晃动等效动力学模型,阐述了油液晃动瞬时冲击现象的潜在机理,提出了油箱壁面与形貌优化改进的思路;同时,通过对比分析声压级与响度指标方法的差异,说明了采用时变响度声品质指标能够更准确地反映出车内人耳对晃荡声的主观评价感受。该文主要通过“结构声”传递路径的优化,降低了油箱晃动激励到车内的传递,显著改善了车内的油液晃荡声问题,这对提升燃油系统NVH性能集成开发的能力,有着较重要的工程参考价值。     

Phonatory control in male singing: A study of the effects of subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and mode of phonation on the voice source

This article describes experiments carried out in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation of vocal loudness in singers. Ten singers, two of whom are famous professional opera tenor soloists, phonated at different pitches and different loudnesses. Their voice source characteristics were analyzed by inverse filtering the oral airflow signal. It was found that the main physiological variable underlying loudness variation is subglottal pressure (Ps). The voice source property determining most of the loudness variation is the amplitude of the negative peak of the differentiated flow signal, as predicted by previous research. Increases in this amplitude are achieved by (a) increasing the pulse amplitude of the flow waveform; (b) moving the moment of vocal fold contact earlier in time, closer to the center of the pulse; and (c) skewing the pulses. The last mentioned alternative seems dependent on both Ps and the ratio between the fundamental frequency and the first formant. On the average, the singers doubled Ps when they increased fundamental frequency by one octave, and a doubling of the excess Ps over threshold caused the sound pressure level (SPL) to increase by 8–9 dB for neutral phonation, less if mode of phonation was changed to pressed. A shift of mode of phonation from flow over neutral to pressed was associated with a reduction of the peak glottal permittance i.e., the ratio between peak transglottal airflow to Ps. Flow phonation had the most favorable relationship between Ps and SPL.     

音乐强弱相对性辨析

作为物理现象,音的强弱直接由物体振动幅度的大小所决定。但是,在音乐表现中并不存在任何一种所谓绝对意义上的力度的标准,音乐中的强弱是一对充满了辩证关系,并且具有多重意义上的相对性的表现因素。音乐中风格流派的影响、人听觉上的差异、乐器性能上的差异,以及力度表现中的层次关系、强弱渐变的过程中无不显示出这一强弱的相对性。     

Dimensionality in Voice Quality

This study concerns speaking voice quality in a group of male teachers (n = 35) and male actors (n = 36), as the purpose was to investigate normal and supranormal voices. The goal was the development of a method of valid perceptual evaluation for normal to supranormal and resonant voices. The voices (text reading at two loudness levels) had been evaluated by 10 listeners, for 15 vocal characteristics using VA scales. In this investigation, the results of an exploratory factor analysis of the vocal characteristics used in this method are presented, reflecting four dimensions of major importance for normal and supranormal voices. Special emphasis is placed on the effects on voice quality of a change in the loudness variable, as two loudness levels are studied. Furthermore, the vocal characteristics Sonority and Ringing voice quality are paid special attention, as the essence of the term "resonant voice" was a basic issue throughout a doctoral dissertation where this study was included.     

Effect of Input Waveform to Vibration Speaker on Sound Quality of Electric Artificial Voice

A number of studies have been conducted on the improvement of the sound quality of electrical artificial laryngeal speech, the speech produced has been difficult to hear compared to a natural voice. For this reason, it is necessary to effectively improve the frequency characteristics of the input signal. In the present study, to improve the sound quality of vocalization using an electrical artifi- cial larynx, first, a comparison of the frequency characteristics between the real and artificial voices was conducted, and three filters that can make the frequency characteristics of the artificial voice closer to those of a real voice were generated. Then, the influence of these filters on the quality of the artificial voice was investigated via physical measurement and a subjective evaluation experiment targeted at Japanese five vowels. It was found that the intelligibility of artificial /a/ and /o/ sounds was improved, whereas little improvement was observed in the case of /i/, /u/, and /e/. The obtained results confirmed the effect of optimizing the input signal into the vibration speaker and indicated areas for further improvement.