Relationship between changes in voice pitch and loudness

Changes in mean fundamental frequency accompanying changes in loudness of phonation are analyzed in 9 professional singers, 9 nonsingers, and 10 male and 10 female patients suffering from vocal functional dysfunction. The subjects read discursive texts with noise in earphones, and some also at voluntarily varied vocal loudness. The healthy subjects phonated as softly and as loudly as possible at various fundamental frequencies throughout their pitch ranges, and the resulting mean phonetograms are compared. Mean pitch was found to increase by about half-semitones per decibel sound level. Grossly, the subject groups gave similar results, although the singers changed voice pitch more than the nonsingers. The voice pitch changes may be explained as passive results of changes of subglottal pressure required for the sound level variation.     

The effect of task on determination of habitual loudness

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an effect of task on determination of habitual loudness. Four tasks commonly used to elicit habitual loudness were compared (automatic speech, elicited speech, spontaneous speech, and reading aloud). Participants were adult female speakers (N=30) with normal voice. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect of task, with post-hoc analyses indicating that there was a statistically significant difference in habitual loudness elicited via automatic versus spontaneous speech (p < 0.05), and automatic speech versus reading aloud (p < 0.001). The issue of how habitual loudness is defined is considered. Implications of the use of one task for determination of habitual loudness are discussed, as is the possibility of a task effect on determination of other clinically useful vocal parameters.     

约束阻尼结构油底壳的辐射噪声响度研究

建立含机油的约束阻尼结构油底壳的耦合模型及其辐射声场无限元模型,测取螺栓的振动加速度,将其加载于油底壳螺栓孔处计算油底壳辐射声场.提取距油底壳底面中心垂向10 cm处的声压仿真值,在500~3 000 Hz内的声压仿真值与测试值十分吻合,验证了油底壳声学计算的准确性.分别以油底壳辐射噪声A计权声压级总值及响度值为目标进行优化计算,对比分析可得:A计权声压级总值较低的噪声可能使人感觉噪声强度较大,以响度等声品质指标为目标才能最直接地改善部件的NVH性能.以辐射噪声响度为目标函数,采用自适应模拟退火算法对油底壳各层厚度进行优化,优化后响度值较原机降低40.0sone,降幅达27.3%,且改进后的总质量降低21.2%,NVH性能明显改善.     

使用者的社会因素对地下商业街主观响度和声舒适度影响的调查研究

前人研究表明主观响度和声舒适度由实际环境中的众多因素决定,而不是仅受声压级的影响。本文在对地下商业街声场和声源特性进行调查与分析的基础上,针对使用者的社会因素对主观响度和声舒适度的影响,在哈尔滨的几个典型地下商业街进行了大量问卷调查,并运用相关统计方法对结果进行了分析。研究表明,收入和职业与主观响度存在相关性,相关系数在0.1～0.4之间,学历、收入和职业与主观声舒适度亦存在相关性,相关系数在0.1～0.6之间。虽然性别对主观响度和主观声舒适度无显著性影响,但是女性对这两者的主观感觉评分范围比男性宽。年龄段与主观响度和声舒适度的相关性不显著,但是不同地下商业街有的年龄段对主观响度和声舒适度的感受有区别。职业对于主观声舒适度的影响的本质是源于收入和学历对于主观声舒适度的作用,并且收入对于主观声舒适度的影响要大于学历的影响。这些结果可以增加对地下商业街声景的了解,并且为建立地下商业街声景预测模型提供了基础。     

Relationships between arithmetic averages of sound pressure level calculated in octave bands and Zwicker’s loudness level

Previously it has been found through a series of psychoacoustical experiments that the arithmetic average of sound pressure level calculated in octave bands is a good estimator of loudness for various kinds of environmental noise. Remarkably, the arithmetic average of sound pressure level in octave bands from 63 Hz to 4 kHz, L_m,1/1(63-4k), strongly correlates with the loudness level specified in ISO 532B, LL(Z), as well as with loudness assessment. To investigate this relationship further, a numerical study has been carried out based on Zwicker’s loudness model. As a result, practical expressions to estimate the loudness levels of general environmental noises from the sound pressure levels in octave bands from 63 Hz or 125 Hz to 4 kHz are proposed.     

中国民族音乐厅堂音质研究

针对中国民族音乐厅堂的音质进行了两个方面的研究工作．其一是对一些主要的民族乐器的声功率进行了测量．根据此测量结果，建议采用乐队齐奏强音标志乐段的平均声压级Lpf作为表征民乐演出厅堂响度的新指标，并给出了，Lpf的计算公式．此外，还测量了若干实际厅堂的Lpf值，并与预测的Lpf值作了对比，同时进行了听众主观响度评价的调研．其二是采用可听化技术，在华南理工大学建筑声学实验室中通过主观优选试验确定了传统民族音乐演出厅堂的优选混响时间和响度值．     

声呐员听音移频操作客观规律研究*

声呐员在听音过程中,可以对收听到的声音进行移频操作,通过这一操作,声呐员可以将信号调制到自己认为合适的频段以便检测识别信号,而移频的具体频段没有定量的参考依据,这使声呐员移频操作较为盲目。本文从心理声学的角度对声呐员的移频操作进行研究,给出了移频前后信号的响度差值的变化规律和信号尖锐度的变化规律。研究结果表明,经过移频操作,响度移频前后在2000-5000 Hz左右存在最大值,而尖锐度随着移频频率和信号的频率的升高而升高,本文所得出的结论可为声呐员对舰船辐射噪声被动听音移频操作提供参考依据。     

传统庭院式戏场厢房的响度分析

在考虑了壁面散射和声场耦合等因素的基础上 ,对传统庭院式戏场厢房内部的声场进行了详细的分析 ,分别用几何声学 (声像法 )和统计声学的方法模拟镜像和散射声 ,建立了厢房声场预测模型 ,所预测的客观参量强度因子G50 值与实测值能够较好地吻合 .通过理论模型 ,分析了直达声和来自舞台、厢房以及堂屋内的镜像声、散射声对厢房观众席G50 的贡献 ,并讨论了影响其响度的建筑设计因素 .     

Dependence of binaural loudness summation on interaural level difference and frequency for pure tones

Most of the existing loudness models are based on the diotic listening hypothesis,though human beings always hear in dichotic listening conditions.In this situation,the arithmetic mean of loudness at both ears is usually taken as the approximate value of overall perceived loudness,unaffected by the interaural level difference(ILD).The present work investigated the overall perceived loudness for pure tones in dichotic listening conditions through a subjective experiment.Two experimental procedures and system...     

人耳听阈曲线的测定

介绍一个面向医学专业的本科生开设的物理实验。该实验利用声波方面的声强、声强级、响度、响度级和听觉曲线等物理知识，完成了对人耳听阈曲线测定的实验设计，为临床听力仪的正确使用打下良好基础。