突加集中荷载作用下饱和土-深埋圆形隧道衬砌系统的非轴对称动力响应

考虑饱和土与深埋圆形衬砌的相互作用, 研究了突加集中荷载作用下饱和土-衬砌系统的非轴对称动力响应. 基于Biot理论和弹性理论, 采用Laplace变换和Fourier级数, 考虑衬砌边界条件以及衬砌与饱和土交界面处的连续性条件, 在Laplace变换域内求得突加集中荷载作用下饱和土-弹性衬砌耦合系统的位移、应力和孔隙水压力等的解析表达式. 利用Laplace逆变换Crump数值反演方法得到饱和土-衬砌系统动力响应的数值解, 并分析了土体和衬砌系统的力学、几何等参数对系统动力响应的影响. 结果表明: 5倍隧道衬砌半径以外处土体的动力响应远小于隧道附近土体的动力响应; 衬砌刚度和厚度对土体位移和应力影响显著, 但对孔隙水压力影响较小; 孔隙水的可压缩性对土体位移的幅值影响不大, 但对应力幅值的影响较为显著.     

基于神经网络的提升机衬垫摩擦系数的模糊综合评判

模糊综合评判,考虑多个相关因素,把评价因素集中的元素映射为评价结果集中相应的元素,从而对某一对象进行恰如其分的评价。针对衬垫摩擦系数模糊评判中权重分配存在主观性的问题,利用神经网络的自学习能力,通过一些典型数据进行学习,自动改变权重,从而使综合评判结果更加准确。由实例和仿真结果表明,符合实际情况。     

穿越走滑断层隧道错动影响分区及隧道节段式衬砌抗错断性能控制

为了揭示我国西部地区穿越活动断裂公路隧道工程的变形及力学特性,通过数值模拟分析了断层左旋走滑运动对隧道结构产生的错动响应,建立隧道受断层错动影响分区,并提出隧道节段衬砌铰接设计这一抗错断措施。通过对比在影响区内设置不同长度节段衬砌时隧道结构的应力、位移响应规律,得出最优衬砌节段布置形式。研究结果表明：断层走滑错动2.5m时,隧道结构受错影响范围为断层与活动盘交界面附近2.7d(d为隧道跨径)内,定义1d~2.7d范围内为次要影响区,1d范围内为主要影响区;通过对比分析发现3 m节段对衬砌结构水平位移和最大剪应力的控制效果最好,峰值最大降低率分别达到了3.38%和43.34%;隧道结构在断层交界面附近水平位移达到最大,随后向两侧较远位置变形不断减小至平稳;可见隧道结构沿纵向所受的最大剪应力值集中在错动影响区内,且在此范围内变化相较此范围外更加剧烈,错动影响区是抗断层错动设防重点关注对象。研究结果可为隧道抗错断设计提供参考。     

基于形状记忆合金丝的柔性康复手套设计

针对康复手套穿戴舒适度低、整体结构复杂等问题,研究一种基于形状记忆合金丝驱动的柔性可穿戴康复手套.根据人手生物结构和运动范围分析,设计贴合人手的可穿戴康复手套,并对形状记忆合金驱动器的收缩性能进行动力学和热力学分析.搭建康复手套试验平台,进行连续被动和镜像康复训练试验,结果表明基于形状记忆合金的柔性康复手套可实现手部伸展拉伸等康复训练,验证了该康复手套设计的有效性.     

服装热熔胶粉碎工艺研究

目前广泛应用的服装热熔胶的粉碎方法有常温粉碎、冷冻粉碎以及化学粉碎等,对各种粉碎方法的过程、设备及优缺点进行了研究分析,并对化学粉碎工艺进行了探索,发现溶剂、表面活性剂、沉淀剂等化学助剂的选择与用量以及温度、压力、升温速度、搅拌效率等工艺条件的控制与调节均是影响粉碎加工质量的重要因素。     

Exhaled breath condensate: Determination of non-volatile compounds and their potential for clinical diagnosis and monitoring. A review

Exhaled breath condensate is a promising, non-invasive, diagnostic sample obtained by condensation of exhaled breath. Starting from a historical perspective of early attempts of breath testing towards the contemporary state-of-the-art breath analysis, this review article focuses mainly on the progress in determination of non-volatile compounds in exhaled breath condensate. The mechanisms by which the aerosols/droplets of non-volatile compounds are formed in the airways are discussed with methodological consequences for sampling. Dilution of respiratory droplets is a major problem for correct clinical interpretation of the measured data and there is an urgent need for standardization of EBC. This applies also for collection instrumentation and therefore various commercial and in-house built devices are described and compared with regard to their design, function and collection parameters. The analytical techniques and methods for determination of non-volatile compounds as potential markers of oxidative stress and lung inflammation are scrutinized with an emphasis on method suitability, sensitivity and appropriateness. The relevance of clinical findings for each group of possible non-volatile markers of selected pulmonary diseases and methodological recommendations with emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration that is essential for future development into a fully validated clinical diagnostic tool are given.     

围岩流变特性对隧道二衬支护时机的影响

为了研究岩体流变特性情况下隧道二衬的支护时机,首先推导了在考虑围岩流变特性时,衬砌抗力、位移及围岩的位移表达式;然后以广梧高速公路茶林顶隧道岩体为工程背景,探讨了考虑岩体流变情况下,隧道二衬支护时机的确定方法,并对比了围岩拱顶下沉实测值和理论计算值。结果表明：(1) 理论分析所建立的衬砌抗力、位移及围岩的位移表达式中均包含了时间参数,可确定达到不同衬砌抗力、位移及围岩位移所需要的时间;(2) 围岩拱顶下沉实测值和理论计算值表现出相同的发展规律,验证了所建立方法的正确性。     

Experimental study on CO2/CO of typical lining materials in full-scale fire test

Lining materials are widely used in buildings to cover walls and ceilings. Combustible linings may produce a potential high fire hazard in buildings. Once ignited, it propagates fire and accelerates the enclosure fire growth. Two types of lining materials were studied during the tests： block board and plywood. The test was conducted in an ISO 9705 room, where linings were mounted on walls without the ceiling. By changing the heat output of the burner, the ventilation, etc., the concentrations of CO2/CO of different lining materials were researched. The effect of test conditions on the production of CO2/CO of different lining materials was investigated, and useful experimental data were provided for the further development of numerical modeling to simulate enclosure fire growth lined with combustible materials.     

黄土公路隧道衬砌开裂分析

衬砌开裂是黄土公路隧道普遍存在的病害。为了预防和处治衬砌开裂,保证黄土隧道结构的长期稳定性,针对甘肃省榆中县新庄岭黄土公路隧道衬砌开裂的病害特征,运用数值仿真、实测等手段分析了病害产生的机理和原因。结果表明,黄土浸水导致土体强度降低、变形增大,从而增大了围岩塑性区范围和变形压力,恶化了衬砌结构受力状况,使衬砌结构拱顶内侧及拱脚外侧被拉裂,进而使拱脚内侧被压裂。根据隧道病害状况,提出了采用环氧树脂嵌补及凿槽嵌入钢拱架法处治衬砌开裂的建议,为分析和处治黄土公路隧道衬砌开裂提供了依据。     

复合支护结构核爆冲击波等效静载的不确定性分析

根据中值点处展开的一次二阶矩法讨论了土中压缩波的升压时间及其不确定性，然后研究了按单自由度体系进行复合支护地下结构抗核爆设计时的动力系数（荷载系数）和等效静载的变异系数．数值结果表明，土中压缩波升压时间的不确定性，不仅与结构埋深和土参数的变异性有关，而且与土参数的均值有关，等效静载的不确定性，依赖于作用于结构上的动载变异性和结构自振频率变异性，而动载不确定性对等效静载变异性影响最大