固化盐渍土的自生体积稳定性

为避免盐渍土在固化过程中可能发生的体积变形危害,研究其自生体积稳定性。制备了290mm长的试件,利用高精度位移测量系统,测试了不同含量的氯盐与硫酸盐在不同固化剂体系下引起的固化土的线性膨胀/收缩率,分析了C a2 、N a 以及含水率对膨胀/收缩率的影响。结果表明:固化氯盐盐渍土不会发生较大的体积变形,而固化硫酸盐盐渍土可能引起巨大的膨胀率;采用矿渣-粉煤灰-水泥复合固化剂,参与化学反应而产生膨胀性产物的C a2 减少,可以降低固化盐渍土的膨胀率。当C a2 不足而N a 充分时,氯盐和硫酸盐不会对化学反应起促进作用。含水率会影响固化土结构的疏密程度以及膨胀性产物的生长位置。     

非金属微粉低密度水泥浆的制备

低密度水泥浆可解决低压易漏井固井时水泥浆漏失的难题,但由于其水泥石抗压强度低、体积收缩大,严重影响了固井质量和油井寿命.用外掺法在水泥颗粒空隙中添加非金属微粉,降低水泥石的孔隙率和收缩率,并提高其抗压强度.研究结果表明,与相同密度(1.4 g/cm3)掺有漂珠的低密度水泥浆相比,掺有非金属微粉的低密度水泥石的抗压强度显著提高,水化1 d后有害孔率降低了72.4%,7 d体积收缩率降低了58.9%,水泥浆的工程性能基本满足固井施工的技术要求.     

A Testable Theory for the Emergence of the Classical World

The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2^N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2^N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments.     

一种在驱动轮打滑情况下爬壁机器人动力学建模方法

分析了轮式爬壁机器人(WWCR)在壁面作业容易发生打滑的原因,在建立其理想纯滚动假设条件下的动力学模型基础上,基于车辆动力学理论,引入单个驱动轮的动力学方程,提出了一种在驱动轮打滑情况下WWCR的动力学建模方法.仿真算例表明,吸盘吸附力和壁面附着系数对WWCR运动轨迹影响非常大;在复杂的壁面环境下,可通过对吸盘吸附力和驱动轮力矩的协调控制,合理调节轮子的打滑程度,获得尽可能大的附着系数,并弥补打滑造成的运动轨迹偏移,从而获得良好的壁面运动性能.该建模方法为WWCR在打滑情况下的运动控制和路径规划提供了理论研究基础.     

Folding Free Energy Determination of an RNA Three-Way Junction Using Fluctuation Theorems

Nonequilibrium work relations and fluctuation theorems permit us to extract equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements. They find application in single-molecule pulling experiments where molecular free energies can be determined from irreversible work measurements by using unidirectional (e.g., Jarzynski’s equality) and bidirectional (e.g., Crooks fluctuation theorem and Bennet’s acceptance ratio (BAR)) methods. However, irreversibility and the finite number of pulls limit their applicability: the higher the dissipation, the larger the number of pulls necessary to estimate ΔG within a few kBT. Here, we revisit pulling experiments on an RNA three-way junction (3WJ) that exhibits significant dissipation and work-distribution long tails upon mechanical unfolding. While bidirectional methods are more predictive, unidirectional methods are strongly biased. We also consider a cyclic protocol that combines the forward and reverse work values to increase the statistics of the measurements. For a fixed total experimental time, faster pulling rates permit us to efficiently sample rare events and reduce the bias, compensating for the increased dissipation. This analysis provides a more stringent test of the fluctuation theorem in the large irreversibility regime.     

有色金属大型壁板型材连续轧挤初探

利用自行设计改装的连续轧挤设备模拟大型壁板型材的成形.以橡皮泥作为模拟试验材料,在由二辊轧机改装得到的连续轧挤设备上进行试验,模拟了宽×厚为98 mm×1 mm的板材连续轧挤生产过程.橡皮泥模拟试验及连续轧挤的工程法力学分析证明,利用连续轧挤法制备大型壁板型材是可行的,对大型壁板型材的制备有一定的指导作用.     

蛋白- SDS胶束中蛋白与SDS结合比率的测定

研究了影响蛋白和SDS结合比例的各种因素.该比例与离子强度无关,但与巯基乙醇和SDS的质量分数相关.建立了测定蛋白-SDS胶束中蛋白与SDS结合比率的方法.当总SDS质量分数为蛋白质量分数的3倍左右,离子强度小于0.2,测出牛血清白蛋白、鱼精蛋白、溶菌酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的蛋白/SDS比例分别为1∶1.42、1∶1.62、1∶1.36、1∶1.53和1∶1.41.而乙醇酸氧化酶的蛋白/SDS比例则仅为1∶0.23.     

一个异步的PGD算法

分析了并行优化算法中同步运算与异步运算的优缺点。提出完全异步的PGD算法。并且在一定的条件下。给出了算法的收敛性证明。最后结合大规模分布式并行计算机系统曙光-2000做出数值试验。结果说明异步的并行优化算法的效率高于同步的算法。     

应力幅比对2A12-T4铝合金多轴疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展行为的影响

许多工程结构在服役过程中往往承受着复杂的多轴疲劳载荷,仅靠单轴载荷来简化复杂载荷状态的失效预测方法将不再适用。因此,准确预测复杂载荷下工程结构的多轴疲劳失效行为对提高结构安全性具有重要意义。疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展是疲劳失效行为最直观的反应,针对2A12-T4铝合金实心圆棒试件,在相同的等效von Mises应力幅值下,开展了不同应力幅比下的多轴疲劳试验。采用金相显微镜对试件表面裂纹萌生及扩展行为进行了观测,研究了不同应力幅比下试件表面裂纹形态及扩展路径,探讨了不同应力幅比下2A12-T4铝合金多轴疲劳失效行为。结果表明,对于2A12-T4铝合金,试件表面均存在多条裂纹,导致疲劳破坏的主裂纹只有1条;裂纹萌生方向接近于最大切应力幅值平面,裂纹扩展第Ⅰ阶段的长度与方向同时受到应力幅比的影响;主裂纹扩展路径主要沿着最大切应力幅值平面,最大切应力幅值是引起2A12-T4铝合金多轴疲劳失效的主要控制参量。     

湛江组结构性黏土变形特性试验研究

天然软黏土普遍具有结构性。结构性黏土在我国湛江地区分布广泛,该区域黏土具有天然含水率高、孔隙比大、高压缩性和低渗透性等特点,其土体结构特征对其变形特性有较大影响。以湛江市东海岛地区灰色结构性黏土为研究对象,通过室内试验研究其在加载作用下的压缩特性,以及在卸载作用下的回弹特性。主要结论如下:1天然原状土与重塑土的压缩特性存在较大差异,以重塑土为试验对象测得的土体力学指标不能很好的代表实际工程中原状土的力学特性;2天然原状土在加载阶段和卸载阶段的变形规律有相同之处,但土体在卸载阶段产生的总回弹变形量远小于加载阶段产生的总压缩变形量;3天然原状土存在临界卸荷比R为0.25和0.75,当0R≤0.25时,土样回弹变形量很小;当0.25R0.75时,土样发生回弹变形;当R≥0.75时,土体发生明显回弹变形,且此阶段回弹变形量占总回弹变形量比例最大。