城市热岛效应现状及监测方法

近年来城市规模的扩大和城市建筑物不断的增加引发了城市生态环境空间格局的变化,其中热岛效应的加强就是一个比较突出的环境改变的问题.热岛效应是城市中环境恶化的直接表现,同时也会产生种种不利的影响,因此备受重视.本文通过对城市热岛成因、危害及其现有的监测方法的阐述,指出利用高光谱和偏振光对城市热岛效应监测方法的发展趋势.     

光照及种子大小对青藏高原东缘43种石竹目植物种子萌发特征的影响

以青藏高原东缘43种石竹目植物种子为对象,在自然光照和遮阴两种实验处理下研究了光照对种子萌发能力的影响以及不同实验处理下种子萌发能力与种子大小的关系.结果显示:整体上,全光照下的萌发开始时间和萌发持续时间显著高于遮阴下的,光照强度对萌发率和萌发速率指数没有影响;科分类水平上,不同科内萌发参数对光照强度的响应存在一定差异...     

Simulation of maximum light use efficiency for some typical vegetation types in China

MAXIMUM LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY(ΕMAX)IS THE USE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION BY VEGETATION IN AN IDEAL CONDITION WITHOUT ANY CONSTRAINTS.IT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTE OF PLANT ITSELF.THE VALUE OFΕMAX IS DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES[1―5].IT IS A KEY PARAMETER FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(NPP)DRIVEN WITH REMOTE SENSING DATA.THERE…     

高Tc超导薄膜红外（光）探测器的研究

系统地报道了近年来关于高Ｔｃ超导薄膜红外（光）探测器的研究成果，先后进行了单元分立器件、２×２、２×４集成式阵列器件以及约瑟夫逊结型红外（光）探测器的研究。器件经过１０多次的液氮温度至室温的冷热循环，并在室温下保存两年以上，所得测量结果基本不变。采用具有约瑟夫逊效应的高Ｔｃ超导双晶晶界结的光探测器具有量子效应，其响应速度快于６．３５×１０－７ｓ。     

围压对旋转射流破岩钻孔效率的影响

根据现场径向水平钻井技术的需要 ,在前期常压条件下研究的基础上 ,对围压条件下旋转射流的破岩钻孔效率进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,在围压条件下 ,随着射流压力的增加 ,旋转射流破岩效率呈现出线性增加的趋势。随着喷距的增加 ,破碎效率呈现出先增加后减小的趋势 ,即存在最优喷距。在围压低于 5MPa时 ,破碎红砂岩的最优无因次喷距为 2～ 2 .5 ;随着围压的增加 ,破岩效率呈指数下降趋势 ,最优喷距随围压的增加而减小。在同压差条件下 ,围压比射流压力对破碎效果的影响更大。     

地铁及轻轨车场计算机辅助设计方法的研究

利用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ３１环境下的ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤＲ１２高级计算机辅助设计及绘图软件包，用Ｃ语言和ＡｕｔｏＬＩＳＰ语言开发地铁及轻轨车场计算机辅助设计软件，以加快设计进度、提高设计精度．实践证明，该软件在地铁及轻轨车场设计和应用过程中，取得了显著的经济效果     

Impact of urbanization on changes in temperature extremes in Beijing during 1978–2008

To quantify the impact of urbanization on changes in observed surface air temperature and extremes, a homogenized dataset of daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature （Trn, Trnax and Train） observations at 20 stations in Greater Beijing （GBJ） from 1978 to 2008 is analyzed. In contrast with previous studies, a cluster analysis is done to objectively classify observing stations into four categories （urbanized, suburban, rural and mountain）, which is checked with remote-sensing night-light images since the 1990s. At urbanized sites, there is an added warming trend in annual mean Tm representing an average of 10.9% （up to 18.4% or 0.12℃/decade at the most strongly influenced site） of overall warming. Corresponding contributions for Train are 12.7% （up to 20.8% or 0.19℃/decade） and 24% for diurnal temperature range DTR （up to 37.4% or 0.149℃/decade） over the last three dec- ades. Although it has not had a significant impact on daytime records （Tmax）, urbanization has enhanced the increasing （decreasing） trend of extremely warm （cold） nights by an average of 12.7% or 2.07 d/decade （29.0% or 5.06 d/decade） at the urbanized sites since the 1970s.     

彩色摄像机的白平衡调整

阐述了彩色摄像机的白平衡调整的原理。方法以及光源种类对白平衡调整的影响,并说明色温滤色片的选择方法和特殊情况下的白平衡调整。     

Interplay Between Quark-Antiquark and Diquark Condensates in Vacuum in a Two-Flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

By means of a relativistic effective potential, we analytically research competition between the quark- antiquark condensates （qq） and the diquark condensates （qq） in vacuum in ground state of a two-flavor Nambu Jona Lasinio （NJL） model and obtain the Gs-Hs phase diagram, where Gs and Hs are the respective four-fermion coupling constants in scalar quark-antiquark channel and scalar color anti-triplet diquark channel. The results show that, in the chiral limit, there is only the pure （qq） phase when Gs/Hs 〉 2/3, and as Gs/Hs decreases to 2/3 〉 Gs/Hs ≥ 0 one will first have a coexistence phase of the condensates （qq） and （qq） and then a pure （qq） phase. In non-zero bare quark mass case, the critical value of Gs/Hs at which the pure （qq） phase will transfer to the coexistence phase of the condensates （qq） and （qq） will be less than 2/3. Our theoretical results, combined with present phenomenological fact that there is no diquark condensates in the vacuum of QCD, will also impose a real restriction to any given two-flavor NJL model which is intended to simulate QCD, i.e. in such model the resulting sma/lest ratio Gs/Hs after the Fierz transformations in the Hartree approximation must be larger than 2/3. A few phenomenological QCD-like NJL models are checked and analyzed.     

狭义相对论原理进一步发展的假设

整个宇宙是由许多局部宇宙组成的,各局部宇宙性质不同,在各局部宇宙中一般物理规律都成立,认识物理宇宙不仅要考虑参考系而且必须考虑所在局部宇宙。引入局部宇宙概念,狭义相对论原理作了进一步发展。