Effects of organic ligands on Pb absorption and speciation changes in Arabidopsis as determined by micro X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis

Pb can pass through the food chain via plants and threaten human health, which has attracted widespread attention. Changes in Pb speciation affect its bioavailability in soils and water. However, whether organic ligands can change the uptake and mobility of Pb in plants and increase or decrease Pb bioavailability remains uncertain. To reveal the roles of organic and inorganic Pb in Pb metabolism in plants, the localization and speciation changes of Pb in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in organic and inorganic Pb were characterized by synchrotron radiation micro X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, respectively. These results demonstrated that Arabidopsis absorbed more Pb from Pb(NO₃)₂ than Pb(CH₃COO)₂ at the same exposure concentration. A higher percentage of Pb‐citrate was found in Arabidopsis exposed to inorganic Pb solution, which suggested that Pb‐citrate was the main complex for root‐to‐shoot transportation in Arabidopsis exposed to inorganic Pb solutions. Pb complexed with the organic ligand CH₃COO^? significantly inhibited primary root growth and lateral root development, while, at the same time, Pb was blocked by root hairs, which represented another way to reduce Pb absorption and protect the plant from biotoxicity.     

双质量硅微机械陀螺仪带宽拓展系统设计

检测开环状态下,微机械陀螺的实际工作带宽约为驱动和检测模态固有频率差值(?f)的一半,而陀螺结构的机械灵敏度与Δf成反比,较高的机械灵敏度有助于优化陀螺的噪声特性。本文提出了一种较为通用的陀螺带宽拓展方法,在使陀螺拥有较好的机械灵敏度基础上有效提高陀螺带宽以增强其动态环境适应性。首先,建立了陀螺检测系统的模型,并进一步得到了陀螺结构的传递函数和机械带宽。其次,分析了带宽拓展控制器的系统特性,设计了基于比例-积分串联相位超前控制方法的带宽拓展控制器,并对其进行了系统级和电路级仿真,验证了设计参数。最后进行了测试,结果表明采用本文所述方法可将陀螺带宽从原有的13 Hz拓展到了104 Hz,且具有较好的带内平整度,验证了设计方案。     

SRB与LRB隔震连续梁桥地震响应对比研究

为研究SRB与LRB隔震连续梁桥地震响应的差别,根据G-C模型模拟SMA丝的热力学本构关系,采用Bouc-Wen模型模拟LRB力-位移的滞回非线性特性,通过对结构的离散建立了全桥有限元计算模型,分别编制了求解SRB和LRB隔震结构非线性运动方程的时程分析程序.利用自编程序并结合算例对不同地震激励下的非隔震、SRB和LRB隔震模型进行了时程对比分析.分析结果表明:在非低频脉冲波激励下,采用SRB与LRB隔震,梁体位移虽被放大但均在限值范围内,其它关键部位的地震响应均明显降低;在低频脉冲波激励下,SRB的隔震效果同样显著,但LRB隔震桥梁的地震响应比隔震前有明显放大,梁体位移超出了限值范围.     

Near‐Infrared Active Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dots: Preparation,Post‐Synthesis Ligand Exchange,and Applications in Solar Cells

Quantum dots (QDs) of lead chalcogenides (e.g. PbS, PbSe, and PbTe) are attractive near‐infrared (NIR) active materials that show great potential in a wide range of applications, such as, photovoltaics (PV), optoelectronics, sensors, and bio‐electronics. The surface ligand plays an essential role in the production of QDs, post‐synthesis modification, and their integration to practical applications. Therefore, it is critically important that the influence of surface ligands on the synthesis and properties of QDs is well understood for their applications in various devices. In this Review we elaborate the application of colloidal synthesis techniques for the preparation of lead chalcogenide based QDs. We specifically focus on the influence of surface ligands on the synthesis of QDs and their solution‐phase ligand exchange. Given the importance of lead chalcogenide QDs as potential light harvesters, we also pay particular attention to the current progress of these QDs in photovoltaic applications.     

Exploration of Chiral Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Semiconducting Lead Halides

Organic–inorganic lead halides have recently emerged as promising alternatives to conventional optoelectronic materials, considering their intriguing physical properties. However, organic–inorganic lead halides featuring chirality are seldom explored. Here, a pair of enantiomorphic organic–inorganic hybrid semiconducting lead halides, (R‐C₅H₁₄N₂)PbBr₄ ( 1R ) and (S‐C₅H₁₄N₂)PbBr₄ ( 2S ), were successfully obtained with the templating of chiral amines. These compounds adopt distinct one‐dimensional infinite quantum helices formed by edge‐shared transformative lead bromide octahedra. Notably, 1R and 2S present mirror circular dichroism (CD) signals due to the chirality transfer of the enantiopure amines. Furthermore, 1R and 2S exhibit phase‐matchable quadratic nonlinear response and typical semiconducting behaviours. This work highlights the potential of lead halides as a new kind of chiral semiconducting materials in spintronic and chiral optical applications.     

A Design Strategy for Single‐Stranded Helicates using Pyridine‐Hydrazone Ligands and PbII

The reactions of py‐hz ligands ( L1–L5 ) with Pb(CF₃SO₃)₂?H₂O resulted in some rare examples of discrete single‐stranded helical Pb^II complexes. L1 and L2 formed non‐helical mononuclear complexes [Pb L1 (CF₃SO₃)₂]?CHCl₃ and Pb L2 (CF₃SO₃)₂][Pb L2 CF₃SO₃]CF₃SO₃?CH₃CN, which reflected the high coordination number and effective saturation of Pb^II by the ligands. The reaction of L3 with Pb^II resulted in a dinuclear meso‐helicate [Pb₂ L3 (CF₃SO₃)₂Br]CF₃SO₃?CH₃CN with a stereochemically‐active lone pair on Pb^II. L4 directed single‐stranded helicates with Pb^II, including [Pb₂ L4 (CF₃SO₃)₃]CF₃SO₃?CH₃CN and [Pb₂ L4 CF₃SO₃(CH₃OH)₂](CF₃SO₃)₃?2 CH₃OH?2 H₂O. The acryloyl‐modified py‐hz ligand L5 formed helical and non‐helical complexes with Pb^II, including a trinuclear Pb^II complex [Pb₃ L5 (CF₃SO₃)₅]CF₃SO₃?3CH₃CN?Et₂O. The high denticity of the long‐stranded py‐hz ligands L4 and L5 was essential to the formation of single‐stranded helicates with Pb^II.     

DFT study on Raman frequencies of molten lead (II) chloride

The study concerns ab inito calculations of the essential Raman frequencies of molten lead (II) chloride near the melting point. Modelling of topologically disordered lead (II) chloride was carried out within the framework of the density functional theory using the Perdew–Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional and optimised basis sets. Calculations were performed for a cluster containing 24 formula units. The optimum geometry of the cluster was determined and the local structure parameters were found. Nano-size effect leads to the picture of damped oscillations on radial atomic density distributions typical of molten salts. Distorted octahedra of PbCl₆ were detected inside the cluster. Ab initio calculation of the Raman spectrum of the octahedral complexes inside the cluster structure was implemented. It was shown that the spectrum has a peak at 192 cm^?1, which agrees well with the experimental Raman spectra of lead (II) chloride melt near the melting point.     

防核辐射挖掘机视窗的结构设计

研制防核辐射挖掘机时,其铅玻璃视窗的结构设计是要解决的一个关键问题。通过开展铅玻璃ZF506和ZF6的γ射线辐照和阳光照射的实验,最终确定制作防辐射挖掘机的视窗要用铅玻璃ZF6。通过查阅文献和实验研究,确定在铅玻璃视窗的外侧增加6 mm厚的K509玻璃。ZF6铅玻璃的机械性能实验研究结果说明铅玻璃视窗的安装需要增加减震装置,通过在防核辐射挖掘机上开展实验,验证了铅玻璃视窗结构的可靠性。