Ultrathin-layer sodium dodecyl sulfate disc electrophoresis of proteins in the range from 10 to 220 kDa in homogeneous,low-concentrated polyacrylamide gels

This study describes an ultrathin-layer sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels of a thickness of only 150 microm. By use of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol/glycine instead of traditional Tris/HCl buffer in the resolving phase of the gel, proteins with a wide range of molecular sizes (10 kDa to over 220 kDa) are separated in unusually low-concentrated gels (4%T, 3.3%C). 2-Amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol in the resolving part of the gel contributes to stabilization of the pH value at 8.8, while glycine improves destacking as well as separation of small proteins from the bulk of stacked SDS. This method combines both the advantages of conventional slab-gel electrophoresis and capillary gel electrophoresis. It is easy to apply and well suited for all further miniaturization attempts.     

Synthesis of styrene–acrylonitrile random copolymers (SAN) and polyarylate block copolymers and the control of their mechanical properties by morphology generation

The idea of repulsion in random copolymers was applied to the miscibility modification between polystyrene (PS) and polyarylate (PAr) segments of PS–PAr block copolymer (PAr–PS–PAr). Acrylonitrile (AN), which has a large positive interaction parameter against styrene, was used as a miscibility modifier toward PAr segments. AN was introduced into the carboxyl terminated telechelic‐PS at AN wt % ranging from 12 to 37 wt %. Based on these telechelic acrylonitrile–styrene random copolymers (SAN_x's where x represents AN wt %), SAN_x and PAr block copolymers (PAr–SAN_x–PAr's) were synthesized. The miscibility of SAN_x and PAr segments was estimated from the results of DSC with Fox's equation and spin–spin relaxation time measured by pulsed NMR. These results evidenced that the miscibility between PS and PAr segments can be modified by introducing AN into PS segments. The estimated volume fraction of the interfacial layer between SAN_x and PAr segments was increased as x was increased toward 24 wt %, around which the predicted miscibility reaches a maximum. Above that AN wt %, it began to decrease. The flexural strength increased as the miscibility between SAN_x and PAr segments increased. In particular, when x was between 20 and 30 wt %, PAr–SAN_x–PAr exhibited three times larger flexural strength than PAr–PS–PAr. The fracture behavior changed from brittle to ductile, even though the telechelic SAN_x by themselves exhibited almost the same fracture strength as the telechelic PS. The results of dynamic mechanical measurements and the percolation model suggested that around these AN wt % the continuum matrices in PAr–SAN_x–PAr changed from SAN_x phase to a cocontinuous phase of SAN_x and PAr. From these results, PAr–SAN_x–PAr was explained to perform such a high flexural strength by this phase change in the continuum matrices. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 127–137, 2000     

Evaluation of the sputtering rate variation in SIMS ultra‐shallow depth profiling using multiple short‐period delta layers

We have developed multiple short‐period delta layers as a reference material for SIMS ultra‐shallow depth profiling. Boron nitride delta layers and silicon spacer layers were sputter‐deposited alternately, with a silicon spacer thickness of 1–5 nm. These delta‐doped layers were used to measure the sputtering rate change in the initial stage of oxygen ion bombardment. A significant variation of sputtering rate was observed in the initial 3 nm or less. The sputtering rate in the initial 3 nm was estimated to be about four times larger than the steady‐state value for 1000 eV oxygen ions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ZnS薄膜原子层沉积机理的密度泛函理论研究

使用密度泛函方法研究了以二乙基锌(DEZn)和H2S作为前驱体在硅表面原子层沉积ZnS的初始反应机理.ZnS薄膜的原子层沉积包括2个连续的"半反应":即DEZn与H2S"半反应".研究显示:DEZn与H2S"半反应"都经历了一个C2H6消去过程.通过对比在单硫氢基及双硫氢基硅表面上的反应,发现邻位硫氢基的存在有利于前驱体分子的吸附并能够降低反应活化能,这意味着双硫氢基硅表面上的反应是能量上更有利的反应.另外,也发现DEZn"半反应"比H2S"半反应"更容易进行.     

薄层扫描快速检测发酵液中琥珀酸

基于CuSO4与发酵液中琥珀酸的显色反应,在硅胶板上不经层析展开使用薄层扫描定量分析琥珀酸含量.在0～12 g/L范围内,测定波长680 nm,参比波长500 nm条件下,琥珀酸浓度与显色斑吸光度呈良好线性关系.方法检出限(3 S/k)为0.028 mg/L,回收率94.80％～96.12％,相对标准偏差≤3.5％(n...     

毛细管电色谱中双电层叠加的研究

通过流动相中电解质浓度对毛细管电色谱柱效能的流动相平均线速度的影响，研究了ＣＥＣ中双电层叠加现象。提出选择合适电解质组成的浓度及在制备色谱柱过程中避免细小和破碎的固定相颗粒进入柱中，以有效地减小双电层叠加作用。     

Unexpected Correlation Between Boron Chain Condensation and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) Activity in Highly Active Vanadium Borides: Enabling Predictions

Transition‐metal borides (TMBs) have recently attracted attention as excellent hydrogen evolution (HER) electrocatalysts in bulk crystalline materials. Herein, we show for the first time that VB and V₃B₄ have high electrocatalytic HER activity. Furthermore, we show that the HER activity (in 0.5 m H₂SO₄) increases with increasing boron chain condensation in vanadium borides: Using a ?23 mV overpotential decrement derived from ?0.296 mV (for VB at ?10 mA cm^?2 current density) and ?0.273 mV (for V₃B₄) we accurately predict the overpotential of VB₂ (?0.204 mV) as well as that of unstudied V₂B₃ (?0.250 mV) and hypothetical “V₅B₈” (?0.227 mV). We then derived an exponential equation that predicts the overpotentials of known and hypothetical V_xB_y phases containing at least a boron chain. These results provide a direct correlation between crystal structure and HER activity, thus paving the way for the design of even better electrocatalytic materials through structure–activity relationships.     

Direct Melt Intercalation of Polylactide Chains into Nano‐Galleries: Interlayer Expansion and Nano‐Composite Structure

Summary: The polylactide‐based nano‐composites were prepared via melt extrusion method using different types of intercalants and nano‐fillers having different surface charge density. In order to understand the direct polymer melt intercalation into the nano‐galleries, the interdigitated layer structure of the organically modified layered filler (OMLF), where the intercalants are oriented with some inclination to the host layer in the interlayer space, was proposed. After polymer melt intercalation, the smaller initial interlayer opening led to the larger interlayer expansion, suggesting the large amount of the intercalation of the polymer chains. Consequently, the nano‐composite exhibited finer dispersion of the nano‐fillers when compared with the nano‐composites prepared from OMLFs with larger initial interlayer opening.

Illustration of a model of interlayer structure of the qC₁₄(OH) in gallery space of HTO.     

反应物的相间分配对吸附相技术制备纳米CuO过程的影响

以SiO2表面的富水吸附层为纳米反应器制备CuO纳米粒子. 不同水量下的吸附量测定、溶剂置换和反应后吸附对比实验结果表明, SiO2表面存在吸附水层, 并且该吸附水层是反应的主要场所. 根据吸附数据, 认为Cu2+在体系中具有三区域浓度分布特点, 体系中水浓度和氢氧化钠浓度的增加均会使得Cu2+向吸附层区域迁移. XRD分析结果表明, 反应温度的升高和NaOH浓度的增大有利于生成更小的CuO晶粒, 其中温度的升高使吸附层厚度减小, 限制了晶粒生长; NaOH浓度的增大则会增大层内溶质过饱和度, 导致晶核形成速率加快.     

2-对联苯-8-羟基喹啉锌的合成及其应用于新型白光OLED

合成了一种全新的有机发光材料2-对联苯-8-羟基喹啉锌(Zn[2-(p-biPh)-8-Q-O]₂), 通过¹H NMR, UV-Vis等对配合物的结构进行表征. 利用该材料制备了新型白光有机电致发光器件(OLED), 其结构为: ITO/NPB (N,N'-双(1-萘基)-N,N'-二苯基-1,1'-二苯基-4,4'-二胺)/BCP (2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲咯啉)/Zn[2-(p-biPh)-8-Q-O]₂/Al. 通过调节空穴阻挡层BCP的厚度, 实现了NPB(蓝光发射)和Zn[2-(p-biPh)-8-Q-O]₂(黄光发射)作为器件双发光层的有效复合, 并研究了其发光机理. 当BCP层的厚度为2.0 nm时, 获得了稳定的白色发光; 该器件在6 V电压下启亮, 20 V电压时最大发光亮度达到130 cd/m², 电流效率为0.224 cd/A.