Thermal decomposition of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate pre-adsorbed on TiO2 surfaces

The thermal decomposition of sodium nitrite or nitrate pre-adsorbed upon TiO₂ surfaces has been investigated by employing several techniques as infrared spectroscopy (IR) and temperature programmed desorption in conjunction with mass spectrometry analysis (TPD-MS) to study the features observed during these thermal decompositions. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) in combination with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to investigate the possibility of a solid state chemical reaction between the solid products originated from the thermal decomposition of the pre-adsorbed species and the TiO₂. On the basis of our results, various characteristic features of these thermal decomposition reactions will be discussed.This work was supported by JUNTA DE ANDALUCIA (financial support for research groups/1990).     

Stabilization of γ‘ phase in Bi<Subscript>4</Subscript>V<Subscript>2-x</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>x</Subscript><Superscript>II</Superscript>O<Subscript>11-1.5x</Subscript> series

Summary This work reports the room-temperature stabilization of the Bi₄V_2-xFe_x^IIO_11-1.5x γ ‘ phase, a promising ionic conductive material that finds application in solid oxide fuel cell and oxygen sensor devices. The Fe(II) cation proved to be a better stabilizer than Fe(III), which was previously used, since a lower substitution degree of V⁵⁺ is needed for the former. Powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used in these experiments.     

Anomalies of the partition coefficient and properties of crystals in the region of low concentrations of an isomorphous admixture. 1. Unusual decomposition of solid solutions of the NaCl—CdCl2 system

Solid solutions NaCl—CdCl₂ were studied in an interval of CdCl₂ concentrations of 0.05—3 mol.% by Raman spectroscopy. The molecular form Na₂CdCl₄ decomposes: Na₂CdCl₄ 2Na⁺ + Cd²⁺ + 2Cl₂ ^– + 2e^–; 2Na + 2e^– 2Na⁰. Free sodium atoms form color centers of crystal (F centers) in the region of jumpwise changing the partition coefficient of CdCl₂ in NaCl (K jump).     

The Studies of the Heterogeneous Properties of Solid Surfaces by Means of the Derivatograph Q-1500 D

A simple method has been adopted to obtain an important information on the heterogeneous properties of materials studied, adsorbed liquid films and liquid-solid interactions. The method utilizes Q-TG mass loss and the first derivative Q-DTG mass loss curves with respect to temperature and time obtained during programmed liquid thermodesorption in quasi-isothermal conditions. The values of the adsorption capacity, total porosity of material, the value of active centers, desorption energy distribution and mesopore-size distribution functions obtained by this method are in good agreement with those estimated on the basis of independent methods. The theoretical and experimental results provided novel and unique data on the heterogeneity of solid surfaces, properties of liquid adsorbed films and thermal stability of the liquid/solid interfaces. This paper presents the more important results obtained so far in the studies the liquid/solid systems by means of the Paulik's classical and quasi-isothermal techniques. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples by headspace solid phase microextraction

The analysis of samples contaminated by organic compounds is an important aspect of environmental monitoring. Because of the complex nature of these samples, isolating target organic compounds from their matrices is a major challenge. A new isolation technique, solid phase microextraction, or SPME, has recently been developed in our laboratory. This technique combines the extraction and concentration processes into one step; a fused silica fiber coated with a polymer is used to extract analytes and transfer them into a GC injector for thermal desorption and analysis. It is simple, rapid, inexpensive, completely solvent-free, and easily automated. To minimize matrix interferences in environmental samples, SPME can be used to extract analytes from the headspace above the sample. The combination of headspace sampling with SPME separates volatile and semi-volatile analytes from non-volatile compounds, thus greatly reducing the interferences from non-target compounds. This paper reports the use of headspace SPME to isolate volatile organic compounds from various matrices such as water, sand, clay, and sludge. By use of the technique, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene isomers (commonly known as BTEX), and volatile chlorinated compounds can be efficiently isolated from various matrices with good precision and low limits of detection. This study has found that the sensitivity of the method can be greatly improved by the addition of salt to water samples, water to soil samples, or by heating. Headspace SPME can also be used to sample semi-volatile compounds, such as PAHs, from complex matrices.     

固体酸Zr(SO4)2·4H2O催化制备生物柴油

采用新型固体酸Zr(SO₄)₂·4H₂O替代传统的液体酸、碱催化剂，催化大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应，制备生物柴油。考察了醇油摩尔比，催化剂用量，反应时间等因素对转化率的影响。采用气相色谱跟踪反应进程中各组分含量分布。优化出该反应最适宜的操作条件为：醇-油摩尔比6∶1，催化剂用量占原料油质量的3%，反应时间6h，反应温度65℃.在此条件下生物柴油的收率可达96.6%。制得的生物柴油与中国0^#柴油(GB 252—1994优级品)的主要性能指标接近。     

《山西大学学报(自然科学版)》基金论文的统计分析

采用文献计量学方法，对《山西大学学报(自然科学版)》1994年～2003年刊载的基金论文数量、稿件来源、学科分布、论文合作度、项目来源等进行统计分析与归纳研究，结果表明：十年间《学报》刊载的基金论文的比例基本上呈逐年增长的趋势，尤其是2002年～2003年基金论文的刊载率超出高等学校自然科学学报评比标准中规定的年基金项目及重大课题论文达到40％刊载率的指标，基金论文居前三位的学科为数学、生命科学、化学学科，基金项目来源广泛，从量化的角度表明了《学报》的学术价值和学术水平，并在统计分析的基础上就进一步提高《学报》的学术质量提出了几点建议。     

固体氧化物燃料电池系统零排放新思路研究

提出了固体氧化物燃料电池零排放新思路设计,该设计具有高发电效率、温室气体零排放、回收利用二氧化碳以及使用环境友好的可再生循环二氧化碳吸收材料等优点.此外,还介绍了电池构件材料以及二氧化碳吸收材料的制备,最后测试了材料的二氧化碳吸附性能.结果表明最大体积吸收比可高达993倍,最佳吸收温度为700 ℃,同时可实现在800 ℃以上2 h内将所吸附的二氧化碳完全解析.     

筏形基础一地基共同作用非线性数值分析

结合大型有限元软件ANSYS，建立了筏形基础一地基相互作用体系的全三维有限元模型．考虑土体的弹塑性性质，模拟基础和地基交界面上的状态非线性，采用中厚板理论分析筏板，对筏形基础的受力进行了非线性数值分析．结果表明，考虑地基非线性特性时，地基反力及基础沉降的计算结果更接近实际．     

桩基低应变完整性测试的多次波分析

为了准确识别桩基低应变完整性测试中桩基缺陷的程度和深度．必须进一步研究速度信号中多次波的影响．利用反射波法成功地模拟出桩基动测中包含透射和多次反射波影响的速度曲线，可处理任意个不等距反射界面的情况．使得应力波在桩基中的传播规律有了进一步的认识；同时提出了相应的多次波反演新方法．可以反演包含透射和多次反射影响的速度波信号．该方法只需准确识别每次的第1个速度波．就可以准确识别桩基缺陷所对应界面的波阻抗变化规律及其对应深度．数值算例说明该方法是确实可行的．