洗衣粉中磷的示波滴定

报告了洗衣粉中磷测定的示波滴定新方法。洗衣粉样品经处理后，磷转化为磷酸根，Pb^2 能与PO4^3-定量形成沉淀，过量的Pb^2 在NaClO3-六次甲基四胺底液示波图上有敏锐切口。     

FTIR investigation of organic discharge in polluted water: I. Renex monitoring study

Aliquots of waste water from power stations were analyzed by a special procedure in order to put in evidence the presence of renex, a nonionic detergent. The investigations were performed spectroscopically by FTIR technique. Qualitative and quantitative features of the procedure were established as specific peaks, detection limit and method sensibility. The validity of Lambert-Beer law was checked. Taking into account the selectivity of the method it results the necessity of separating renex from nitrogenous bases in the analyzed water.     

Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficients of Waste Heat Recovery Unit in Detergent Manufacturing Process

The waste heat recovery unit is one of the most important units in the chemical process. It recovers waste heat from the exhaust gas of the process resulting in the reduction of heat loss. In the detergent manufacturing process, the particulate air leaving the spray dryer is the exhaust gas containing the large amount of heat. Therefore, a waste heat recovery unit can significantly reduce heat loss. In this work, heat transfer coefficients of a waste heat recovery unit in the detergent manufacturing process were studied. Waste heat from the particulate air is recovered in the shell and coiled tube heat exchanger. The particulate air flows in the shell side, and water flows in the tube side. Four coiled tubes with different coil pitches were investigated. The results show that the tube-side heat transfer coefficient increases as the coil pitch decreases. Loading ratio also has an important effect on heat transfer coefficients. The increase of loading ratio leads to a lower value of the overall heat transfer coefficient. From 100 experiments, empirical correlations for the prediction of tube-side and shell-side heat transfer coefficients were proposed. The results indicate that the predicted heat transfer coefficients agree well with the experimental values.     

近红外反射分析法测定水稻可能再转流物质的研究

为了探讨应用近红外反射分析法测定水稻可能再转流物质的可行性,以种植于海南儋州的7个水稻品种为试验材料,在淀粉酶处理结合中性洗涤纤维法分析的基础上,应用近红外反射分析法建立预测水稻茎叶部和穗部可能再转流物质含量的校正模型。结果表明：采用偏最小二乘法回归(PLS1)建立的校正模型的预测效果较好,光谱预处理对改进校正模型没有显著效果;采用不做预处理+PLS1建立的茎叶部和穗部校正模型都具有较高的预测准确度,校正模型的外部验证结果茎叶部的决定系数为0.991 2、均方根误差为0.008 1,穗部的决定系数为0.961 1、均方根误差为0.022 6。     

Laser correlation spectroscopy of the processes of serum albumin denaturation

Denaturation of serum albumin under the influence of temperature and ionic detergent sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) is investigated by laser correlation spectroscopy of scattered light. It is shown that thermal denaturation is stronger at pH values of the buffer solution of protein that are close to the isoelectric point of the given protein. Coupling of the micelles of SDS with albumin follows the principle of positive cooperativity. The concentration of protein saturation with the surfactant is determined, upon the attainment of which further protein denaturation was not observed. It is shown that the interaction of SDS with albumin is of an electrostatic nature.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 831–835, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

A novel sub-pilot-scale direct-contact ultrasonic dehydration technology for sustainable production of distillers dried grains (DDG)

DDG is a major source of protein, calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur is arguably the most important byproduct of the bioethanol industry with increasing demand over the past few years. Reducing energy consumption in the DDG production process and energy recovery from DDG is vital for sustainable bioethanol productions. In this paper, a novel direct-contact multi-frequency, multimode, and modulated (MMM) ultrasonic dryer (US) was developed for the first time and has been applied in dehydration of wet distillers’ grain (WDG). Ultrasonic drying (US) was combined with a convective airflow (HA) at different temperatures of 25 (room temperature), 50 and 70 °C to evaluate the impact of US, HA, and US + HA on drying kinetics, activation energy, chemical compositions, microstructure, and color of DDG. Semi-empirical kinetic models were developed and evaluating drying performances showed that the application of ultrasound significantly enhanced the drying rate and decreased the drying time (by 46%), especially at low drying temperatures. The activation energy for moisture removal in the presence of ultrasound was about 50% of that without ultrasound. The final dried distillers' grains product processed by ultrasonic drying had a brighter color, a higher available protein, a higher digestible protein (the lowest acid detergent insoluble crude protein), and a better surface profile with no compromise on minerals and fiber contents.     

超声降解生活污水中有害物质的实验方法

研究了不同空化状态下超声作用下对厦门湖水、污染处理厂污水、啤酒废水及不同浓度的洗涤水中有害物质的降解作用,从而探讨超声作用温度、时间、功率及PH值变化对废水中有害物质降解的影响,发现一些超声作用与有害物质之间的基本关系：超声作用对生活污水中洗涤剂和氨氮有明显的解作用,并且其作用受pH影响较大,降解程度随超声作用的功率,作用时间的增加而增加,随温度的提高先增高后降低,随起始pH值降低而增高,对声作用降解有害物质的初步搜索结果,为进一步研究、开发新的降解途径作了必要的铺垫。     

Use of Adhesive for the Retention of a Rough-Surfaced Particle on a Solid Support

In a study of the rate of dissolution in water of a single detergent granule, an unexpected experimental artefact was encountered. The granule, attached to a solid support by adhesive, was found on dissolution to leave behind a thin shell or skin. The formation of this residue can be attributed to the capillarity-induced spreading of the uncured adhesive over much of the granule surface due to its irregular surface morphology. No such effect was found with smooth, spherical particles of comparable size. This residue would be likely to modify the observed dissolution process.     

高超音速推进用吸热型烃类燃烧的热稳定性研究 Ⅱ．添加剂的合成与评价

结合燃料的自氧化机理，指出了抗氧剂，金属减活剂以及清净分散剂三种单元添加剂在燃烧自氧化过程中的抗沉积原理，自行合成了一种新型清净分散剂－聚异丁烯硫磷酸的季戊四醇酯PETPA，对酯化产物用FT－IR和NMR进行了结构分析，给出了合成过程中硫磷化，水解，及本经化阶段的反应历程，考察了三种单元添加剂抗氧剂A，清净分散剂D和金属减活剂M，以及由单元添加剂组成的添加剂包的抗沉积效果，结果表明，抗沉积效果AMD＞MD＞AD＞AM＞D＞M＞A，其中清净分散剂为主要添加剂，三种单元添加剂组成的添加剂包的抗沉积效果最为明显，在RT－3，MCH及THDCPD燃料体系中，沉积量分别减少了87．10％，90．91％和89．12％，PETPA无论是单独还是复合使用其效果均优于聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺T154。     

洗衣粉对黄鳝急性毒性和遗传毒性的研究

采用急性毒性试验和红细胞微核测试法, 以洗衣粉为诱变剂,研究洗衣粉对黄鳝急性毒性和黄鳝红细胞的遗传毒性. 结果表明: 洗衣粉24 h和48 h的LC50分别为162.639 mg/L、107.664 mg/L; 洗衣粉对黄鳝红细胞的损伤主要表现为微核率和核变形率的增高. 在一定范围内,随着洗衣粉浓度的增加和染毒时间的延长, 微核率和核变形率增加.