利用手持技术探究不同洗涤剂乳化能力的强弱

影响洗涤剂去油污能力的关键因素是表面活性剂的乳化能力,为了探究不同洗涤剂乳化能力的强弱,先利用手持技术对常用表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的水溶液进行了探究,结果发现乳化能力的强弱可以通过乳状液的电导率下降比率来反映。因此利用手持技术,通过电导率传感器采集不同洗涤剂与植物油混合搅拌时乳状液的电导率下降比率,来判断其去油污能力的强弱。     

红枫湖、百花湖流域范围内居民含磷洗涤剂使用情况的调查与分析

红枫湖和百花湖(简称:两湖)是贵阳市主要的饮用水资源,近年来,"两湖"已经受到严重污染,水质情况逐渐恶化。水质恶化的主要原因是含磷污染物的过度排放,污染源之一是城镇生活污水,含磷洗涤剂的使用导致污水含磷量增加。对城镇使用洗涤剂的种类以及洗涤剂是否含磷进行了调查和检测,调查发现市场出售的洗涤剂中含磷洗涤剂占有很大比例,两湖流域的上游居民使用含磷洗涤剂的种类要多于中下游居民的使用的种类。     

洗衣产品的物理化学属性与洗涤效果的模型研究

优化洗衣产品的配方的主要目的是要在降低成本、减少对环境的污染等条件下,生产出洗涤效果更好的产品.本文利用洗衣产品溶于水后溶液的一些物理化学属性及洗涤功效的数据,研究溶液属性和产品功效之间的关系,建立它们之间的模型,找出对洗涤功效起到显著作用的因素,使得可以根据建立的模型找到最优的洗衣产品配方.面对洗衣产品中多种可能起作...     

热处理方法对大豆中抗营养因子的钝化作用

利用挤压膨化、烘炒和冷榨三种热加工方法处理的豆饼与生大豆以脲酶活性作为指标,比较热处理对大豆中抗营养因子钝化的作用,并通过消化代谢试验测定DE、CP·D、NDF·D的变化。结果表明,抗营养因子钝化的效果与消化吸收利用的程度差异显著（P〈0．05）,其顺序为挤压膨化〈烘炒〈豆饼〈生豆。     

消毒剂对小麦组织培养的影响

通过对家用洗涤剂和升汞设置不同的处理时间梯度,比较了家用洗涤剂和升汞作为消毒剂对小麦幼胚、幼穗组织培养效果的影响,结果表明,体积分数为10%的白猫洗涤剂消毒处理20min与质量分数为0.1%的升汞消毒处理10min具有等同、高效的灭菌效果和组织培养效果,在单个组合中的抗污染率、愈伤组织胚性率、生根率、植株再生频率和绿点分化频率最高均可达100%,且显著高于所设置的其他各个梯度时间的处理效果;不同外植体的比较结果证实了幼胚的植株再生频率和每团愈伤组织的出苗数都显著高于幼穗.     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物的合成

以马来酸酐和丙烯酸为单体,过硫酸钠为引发剂,亚硫酸氢钠为还原剂,采用水溶液聚合法,合成了用作洗衣粉代磷助剂的马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物[m(马来酸酐):,m(丙烯酸)=1:2].引发剂和还原剂分别为单体质量的4.0%和1.9%,聚合反应温度90℃,保温1 h.产物为粘度较低的透明液体,分散性好,色泽浅,螯合力为518 mg CaCO3/g.     

新型纳米银/多酸复合抗菌洗涤剂的合成及抗菌性能研究

采用微乳液法合成了羟基磷灰石支撑的纳米银/多酸抗菌因子,利用FT-IR、XRD和TEM对其物相结构及形貌进行表征,以此制备出新型抗菌洗涤剂,并测试其抗菌活性.研究发现:新型抗菌洗涤剂具优异的抗菌性能,抗菌时间持久,比普通抗菌洗涤剂抗菌时间延长3~5 d,该新型抗菌洗涤剂对厨房用具和衣物等生活杂菌也表现出良好的抗菌性.     

A Hydrothermal Method to Generate Carbon Quantum Dots from Waste Bones and Their Detection of Laundry Powder

Surfactants are one of the major pollutants in laundry powder, which have an impact on the environment and human health. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are spherical zero-dimensional fluorescent nanoparticles with great potential for fluorescent probing, electrochemical biosensing and ion sensing. Herein, a bottom-up approach was developed for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass to detect laundry detergent and laundry powder. Waste chicken bones were used as carbon precursors after being dried, crushed and reacted with pure water at 180 °C for 4 h to generate CQDs, which exhibited a monodisperse quasi-spherical structure with an average particle size of 3.2 ± 0.2 nm. Functional groups, including -OH, C=O, C=C and C-O, were identified on the surface of the prepared CQDs. The optimal fluorescence excitation wavelength of the yellow-brown CQDs was 380 nm, with a corresponding emission peak at 465 nm. CQDs did not significantly increase cell death in multiple cell lines at concentrations of 200 µg·mL⁻¹. Fluorescence enhancement of CQDs was observed after addition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, a major anionic surfactant in laundry powder. A linear relationship between fluorescence enhancement CQDs and the concentration of laundry powder was established. Thus, a hydrothermal method was developed to generate CQDs from waste biomass that may be used as a fluorescent probe to detect laundry powder.     

基于洗涤品生产的化工实训课程设计*

为适应地方院校应用型转型发展的要求,结合化工专业特色,设计了基于洗涤品生产的校内化工实训课程。该课程内容丰富、可操作性强。内容涵盖了配方设计、小试实验、生产操作、产品罐装、性能测试、安全教育等环节。课程采用教、学、做、产一体化的教学模式,运行效果显著,可激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的科研思维与实践创新能力。     

Two-Dimensional Detergent Expansion Strategy for Membrane Protein Studies

Detergents are the most frequently applied reagents in membrane protein (MP) studies. The limited diversity of one-head-one-tailed traditional detergents, however, is far from sufficient for structurally distinct MPs. Expansion of detergent repertoire has a continuous momentum. In line with the speculation that detergent pre-assembly exerts superiority, herein we report for the first time cross-conjugation of two series of monomeric detergents for constructing a two-dimensional library of dimeric detergents. Optimum detergents stood out with unique preferences in the systematic evaluation of individual MPs. Furthermore, unprecedented hybrid detergents 14M8G and 14M9G enabled high-quality EM study of transporter MsbA and NMR study of G protein-coupled receptor A_2AAR, respectively. Given the abundance of cross-coupling chemistries, comprehensive diversity could be readily covered that would facilitate the finding of new detergents for the manipulation of thorny MPs and innovation of the functional and structural study in future.