云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

Precision Matrix Estimation by Inverse Principal Orthogonal Decomposition

We investigate the structure of a large precision matrix in Gaussian graphical models by decomposing it into a low rank component and a remainder part with sparse precision matrix.Based on the decomposition,we propose to estimate the large precision matrix by inverting a principal orthogonal decomposition(IPOD).The IPOD approach has appealing practical interpretations in conditional graphical models given the low rank component,and it connects to Gaussian graphical models with latent variables.Specifically,we show that the low rank component in the decomposition of the large precision matrix can be viewed as the contribution from the latent variables in a Gaussian graphical model.Compared with existing approaches for latent variable graphical models,the IPOD is conveniently feasible in practice where only inverting a low-dimensional matrix is required.To identify the number of latent variables,which is an objective of its own interest,we investigate and justify an approach by examining the ratios of adjacent eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix?Theoretical properties,numerical examples,and a real data application demonstrate the merits of the IPOD approach in its convenience,performance,and interpretability.     

Minimum Discrepancy Estimation in Probabilistic Knowledge Structures

Practical applications of the theory of knowledge structures often rely on a probabilistic version, known as the basic local independence model. The paper outlines various procedures for estimating its parameters, including maximum likelihood (ML) via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, the computationally efficient minimum discrepancy (MD) estimation as well as MDML, a hybrid method combining the two approaches.     

皮肤毛孔照片诊断标准评价的潜在分类变量模型研究

本文在无金标准情况下探讨皮肤毛孔标准照片制定的合理性和可行性,对医师诊断正确性进行评价。按照毛孔粗大程度制定分类为5水平的毛孔标准照片。对128名女性志愿者制作鼻翼毛孔照片,5位年资相近的皮肤科医师按照诊断标准和标准照片对128例自愿者照片进行独立的等级评分。诊断结果数据采用潜在分类变量模型(Latent Class Model,LCM)进行分析,分别拟合5位医师诊断条件概率一致的模型和诊断条件概率不一致的模型。计算医师诊断的条件概率和后验概率。潜变量分析结果提示诊断标准过于细化且分类模糊,依据条件概率将原始分类重新划分为3类的模型较好地拟合了诊断数据。运用客观和准确的能够真实反应和区分个体情况的诊断标准是诊断试验评价的基础和前提。潜在分类模型能够有效地处理无金标准的诊断重复性或一致性研究数据。     

Mass spectrometry imaging of latent fingerprints using titanium oxide development powder as an existing matrix

Recent research has focused on increasing the evidentiary value of latent fingerprints through chemical analysis. Although researchers have optimized the use of organic and metal matrices for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) of latent fingerprints, the use of development powders as matrices has not been fully investigated. Carbon forensic powder (CFP), a common nonporous development technique, was shown to be an efficient one‐step matrix; however, a high‐resolution mass spectrometer was required in the low mass range due to carbon clusters. Titanium oxide (TiO₂) is another commonly used development powder, especially for dark nonporous surfaces. Here, forensic TiO₂ powder is utilized as a single‐step development and matrix technique for chemical imaging of latent fingerprints without the requirement of a high‐resolution mass spectrometer. All studied compounds were successfully detected when TiO₂ was used as the matrix in positive mode, although, generally, the overall ion signals were lower than the previously studied CFP. TiO₂ provided quality mass spectrometry (MS) images of endogenous and exogenous latent fingerprint compounds. The subsequent addition of traditional matrices on top of the TiO₂ powder was ineffective for universal detection of latent fingerprint compounds. Forensic TiO₂ development powder works as an efficient single‐step development and matrix technique for MALDI‐MSI analysis of latent fingerprints in positive mode and does not require a high‐resolution mass spectrometer for analysis.     

基于作者引用文献关系的潜在研究兴趣主题发现简

扩展LDA（latent dirichlet allocation）模型,提出基于作者引用文献关系的作者-兴趣主题-文献模型。每个作者被分配一个在所有主题上的多项概率分布,每个主题被分配一个在所有文献上的多项概率分布。在DBLP（digital bibliography ＆library project ）文献引用关系数据集上的实验表明,所提模型能有效地提取一个研究领域的主要潜在研究兴趣主题及其所包含的代表性文献,并能挖掘每个作者属于每个研究兴趣主题的分布。     

混合石蜡的热物性实验

对低熔点石蜡（十六烷、十八烷）与高熔点石蜡（54#石蜡、62#石蜡）混合物的传热性能进行了实验研究,用以替代价格较高的十八烷,用于立式集热板太阳能热气流电站的蓄热系统中.采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对不同质量分数的混合石蜡的相变潜热及相变温度进行了测量,结果表明：随着低熔点石蜡的加入,混合石蜡的相变温度在不断减小,相变潜热介于低熔点石蜡与高熔点石蜡之间;且混合后的石蜡具有良好的循环稳定性.采用热针法对不同质量分数的混合石蜡固态体系、液态体系的导热系数进行了测量,结果表明：混合之后石蜡的导热系数与低熔点石蜡相差不大,石蜡在固态时的导热系数要大于在液态时的导热系数.综合比较可知,混合石蜡可以满足储能需求,并能降低成本.