尤溪县主要造林树种病虫害记述

本文列出了尤溪县主要造林树种马尾松、杉木、毛竹等的病虫41种,并记述了这些病虫害的发生和危害情况。     

The impact of biofuel plantation on biodiversity: a review

Because plants convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organisms, biomass production as an energy source can help to reduce the world＇s reliance on fossil energy and mitigate global warming. Biofuel production is a fast-growing industry that represents a new type of large-scale human disturbance on ecosystems. Thus, the benefits of biofuel production bring environmental risks that include its potential impact on biodiversity, which is still an open question. In this review, we start first with a brief overview of the evolution of biofuel concept; second, we review the state of biofuel production across the continents, with a major emphasis on the main species used and their major feedstock. For which, we found significant differences for land use and environmental cultural management of biofuel plantation between tropical and temperate regions. Third, we summarize the impacts of biofuel plantation on biodiversity at multiple scales, based on the case studied with respect to the corresponding issues. At the genetic level, introgression and contamination by aggressive genotypes are a primary risk. At the species level, habitat pollution, degradation, and disturbance caused by intensive management of biofuel plantation significantly raise the risk of habitat fragmentation, native extinction, and bio-invasion. At the ecosystem level, the large-scale homogeneous landscape of biofuel plantation results in simplified community and food web that severely damage ecosystem services, including ecosystem diversity. Finally, we compare the current and potential benefits and risks of biofuel plantations for the practical application of a biofuel industry of China. We emphasize the land use constraint from food security and biodiversity conservation, and the need for scientific research and systematic monitoring as a critical support for the sustainable development of biofuel production in China.     

Selection of adaptive grass and frutex and their planting benefits in the arid-hot valleys of Yuanmou

In view of the environment character of the soil and content of the soil organic carbon, 278 species of grass and frutex were introduced from abroad and China, Some were selected by applied production and plantation benefit investigations. The results showed that： In the arid-hot valleys of Yuanmou the selected species showed the characteristics of fast growth and high yield （38 227.00 kg/hm2）, high nutrition value （CP% content of legu- minous grass and frutex were 22.47%）, as well as the strong ad- versity resistance to high air temperature and arid climate （soil humidity was 3.4%）. The selected species not only effectively meliorated soil and increased fertility, but also improved small environment weather.     

生物质热解气力进料光敏在线监测技术研究

为实现对热解用气力输送进料情况实时监测,以落叶松锯末颗粒为原料,采用遮光管内红外激光头与光敏传感器联用的方法,在自主研发的在线监测实验台上,考察了气体流量对进料率、固气比等的影响,分析了电平均值与进料率、固气比、颗粒速率的关系,并对管路各层的颗粒浓度进行了灰度图像重建。结果表明：该方法能有效实现在线监测;电平均值与进料率的变化关系和幂函数在第一象限的规律相似;电平均值与颗粒速率负相关;流体颗粒速率由管路下层到上层依次递增;距离喷嘴越远,电平均值越大,流体颗粒速率越小,颗粒分布更加分散,管路各层浓度更加均匀;圆管（DN 20 mm）流体颗粒平均速率约为0.2~0.6 m/s。     

江西杉木人工林生物量分配格局及其模型构建

在省级尺度上分析不同林龄杉木生物量数据,以探索江西省杉木人工林生物量的动态分配格局及其准确估算方法。结果表明:江西省杉木人工林生物量变化范围为55.64～165.22 t/hm²,其乔木层生物量占94.2%以上。杉木林及其乔木层生物量随林龄先增加后略微下降,而各林龄的灌木层、草本层和凋落物层生物量均没有显著差异。幼龄林、近熟林、成熟林各组分生物量大小排序均为乔木层>凋落物层>灌木层>草本层,而在中龄林和过熟林中则为乔木层>凋落物层>草本层>灌木层。幼龄林各器官生物量大小排序为树干>叶>根>枝,而其他林龄中的排序均为树干>根>枝>叶。以胸径(D)为单变量的杉木单株生物量(W)模型(W=0.266D^2.069)及以胸径(D)和树高(H)为变量的模型(W=0.046 9(D²H)^{0.906 4})预测值小于测量值,且预测精度R²均为0.84,其精度和预测能力均低于以胸径、林龄(A)、密度(N)为自变量的生物量模型(W=11.497D^1.847A^0.082N^-0.478)。     

嵩山国家森林公园不同年龄侧柏人工林生物量初步研究

采用样地法对嵩山地区侧柏10,17,21,31,44,65龄人工林的生物量和生产力进行了调查.结果表明:在不同林龄的侧柏人工林中,其单株侧柏各器官生物量的分配规律均为树干>树枝>树叶;不同恢复时期侧柏人工林乔木层的各部分器官生物量以及地上部分总生物量随林龄的增长都呈增加的趋势,但不同时期的生产力不同.     

珠三角地区荔枝林挥发性有机化合物通量的观测研究

利用2008年7月和2009年2?3月在珠三角地区开展的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和微气象学综合实验观测资料, 分别应用近地面层通量廓线关系法和松弛涡旋累积法(REA)计算了荔枝林下垫面VOCs冠层尺度通量。结果表明: 荔枝林的主要生物挥发性有机化合物(BVOCs)排放为异戊二烯, 其排放有着明显的季节变化和日变化。荔枝林生长季白天的典型异戊二烯通量为0.932 nmol/(m2?s), 非生长季植物排放不显著。该结果为使用微气象学方法获取VOCs通量提供了借鉴。     

火炬松木材剪切弹性模量的测试研究

研究采用变跨距的三点弯曲方法测试10年生火炬松木材17号家系和50号家系的剪切弹性模量GLT,GLR值;用45°偏轴压缩法测量GRT值.测试结果表明,速生材火炬松的剪切弹性模量GLT,GLR,GRT都不高,在70-180 MPa之间,其中GRT最小;另外,整体上火炬松17家系的抗剪切性能优于50号家系.