(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3的制备及其热电性能

以硝酸盐为原料、柠檬酸为络合剂、无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法获得(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3的纳米前驱体,在800℃下煅烧该前驱体2 h得到单相的(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3纳米级粉末.利用XRD、TG-DTA、SEM等手段对其结构进行表征,所得到的(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3颗粒大约为50 nm.在空气气氛中1 000℃下烧结6 h获得多晶的(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3陶瓷样品.对(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3陶瓷材料的微观结构进行分析,并对其室温到700℃的热电性能进行研究.热电测试结果表明,(La0.9Bi0.1)NiO3是N型热电材料且具有一定的热电性能.     

La掺杂BaTiO3陶瓷的制备与性质(Ⅰ)--非均匀形核表面淀积包覆法

以La(NO3)3为La源,采用非均匀形核淀积法在水热法合成的BaTiO3粉体表面包覆La(OH)3．根据溶度积理论计算非均匀形核淀积包覆工艺的pH值,并通过控制溶液的pH值,获得化学计量配比(Ba1-3x/2／Lax)TiO3的La表面包覆BaTiO3粉体和陶瓷．文中讨论了La包覆量对已包覆了SiO3的BaTiO3粉体的烧结特性、相结构、陶瓷电阻率、介电系数-温度特性的影响．实验结果表明：采用非均匀形核淀积包覆方法,容易获得均相、化学计量比的La改性BaTiO3陶瓷;随着La2O3掺杂量的增加,BaTiO3陶瓷的居里温度向低温方向移动,居里温度与La2O3掺杂量之间呈线性关系;而使BaTiO3陶瓷半导化所需要的La的掺杂量较采用氧化物固相反应法的高。     

油溶性羧酸镧的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

合成了1种不含硫磷的新型稀土化合物,该化合物在液体石蜡中具有较好的溶解性.热重分析(TGA)表明该化合物热稳定性较好.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为添加剂在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨性能,结果表明当添加剂的含量为3.0%(w/w)时,与商业化的ZDDP相比具有更好的减摩抗磨效果.当与一定量的有机配体进行复配后,其性能可得到进一步提升.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对磨斑表面进行了分析,结果发现La以羧酸镧和单质镧的形成存在,表明添加剂与金属表面发生了摩擦化学反应.俄歇电子能谱(AES)对元素的深度分布情况表明La向金属基体发生了渗透.含有羧酸镧的吸附膜和含有单质镧、羧酸亚铁的反应膜共同构成了高性能的边界润滑膜.     

镧对钯催化剂上甲醇深度氧化反应性能的影响

大色谱－微反装置上考察了负载型Ｐｄ催化剂上甲醇深度氧化反应的性能,结果表明,在氧化铝载体中,添加稀土元素Ｌａ对Ｐｄ催化剂的催化性能有较大的影响,反应气中不含ＣＯ时,Ｌａ虽不能使甲醇的起燃温度降低,但含氧中间物含量可以大大降低;在反应气中含ＣＯ时,Ｌａ的存在可明显降低甲醇的起燃温度,并能显者削弱ＣＯ对甲醇氧化反应的干扰,Ｌａ主能减少ＣＯ在催化剂上的吸附量,并能改变Ｐｄ的电子结构,而电子结构的改变与催化性能的变化有着对应的关系。     

Hydrogen production via autothermal reforming of ethanol over noble metal catalysts supported on oxides

Hydrogen was produced over noble metal (Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd) catalysts supported on various oxides, including γ-Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2 and La2O3, via the autothermai reforming reaction of ethanol (ATRE) and oxidative reforming reaction of ethanol (OSRE). The conversion of ethanol and selectivites for hydrogen and byproducts such as methane, ethylene and acetaldehyde were studied. It was found that lanthana alone possessed considerable activity for the ATRE reaction, which could be used as a functional support for ATRE catalysts. It was demonstrated that Ir/La2O3 prevented the formation of methane, and Rh/La2O3 encumbered the production of ethylene and acetaldehyde. ATRE reaction was carried out over La2O3-supported catalysts (Ir/La2O3) with good stability on stream, high conversion, and excellent hydrogen selectivity approaching thermodynamic limit under autothermal condition. Typically, 3.4 H2 molecules can be extracted from a pair of ethanol and water molecules over Ir(5wt%)/La2O3. The results presented in this paper indicate that Ir/La2O3 can be used as a promising catalyst for hydrogen production via ATRE reaction from renewable ethanol.     

喷雾热解法制备氢氧化镧

以H2O2为助剂,对氯化镧溶液通过喷雾热解法制备氢氧化镧的工艺进行了研究,首先通过热力学分析获得了H2O2与氯化镧反应的起始温度为288℃,并进一步研究了热解温度、氯化镧溶液质量浓度、H2O2添加量及载气压力对氢氧化镧转化率的影响.通过氯含量测定,XRD及SEM分析,获得了优化的工艺条件为:热解温度600℃,氯化镧溶液质量浓度400 g/L,H2O2加入量5%,载气压力0.4 MPa,在此条件下得到了转化率为99.96%的碎片状La(OH)3.     

镧改性HL沸石在烃类催化裂化催化剂中的应用

 采用离子交换和浸渍相结合的方法制备了La/HL沸石. 将不同La含量的La/HL沸石与REUSY沸石按不同比例复配后作为催化裂化催化剂的活性组分,用标准轻油微反方法(MAT)对催化剂样品进行了评价,考察了La/HL沸石添加量和La/HL沸石中的La含量对催化剂活性、反应产物分布、汽油产品辛烷值及催化剂上积炭的影响. 结果表明,在裂化催化剂中分子筛总量保持不变的条件下,当La/HL沸石加入量为催化剂总量的1%~5%时,随着La/HL沸石加入量的增加,MAT活性和汽油收率增大,比积炭下降; 当La/HL沸石加入量大于10%时,MAT活性及汽油收率随La/HL沸石加入量的增加而降低,比积炭增加. 当加入5%不同La含量的La/HL沸石时,产物中异丁烷含量增加; La/HL中的La含量低于3.5%时,产物异戊烷含量低于参比样品,但随着La含量的增加,异戊烷含量增大. 当La/HL沸石中的La含量为0.2%~0.5%时,汽油中的芳烃含量显著增加,汽油产品的辛烷值提高了1.24~2.06.     

La2O3对Pd密偶催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Pd密偶催化剂.使用低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原、CO化学吸附和X射线光电子能谱等技术考察了La2O3对催化剂性能的影响.模拟汽车尾气条件考察了催化剂上丙烷的转化活性.活性测试结果表明,La2O3的添加能显著提高催化剂对丙烷的转化活性和催化剂的热稳定性.H2-TP...     

M?ssbauer studies of the phase composition and microstructure of the La1-xCaxFeO3-y system as related to the reactivity of surface and bulk oxygen

The phase composition and microstructure of samples of the La_1-xCa_xFeO_3-y system prepared via a ceramic route were characterized by M?ssbauer spectroscopy. In all cases, iron was found in the 3+ state. The ordering of anion vacancies in the samples with the composition in the range of 0.8 > x ≥ 0.4, which corresponds to a microheterogeneous solid solution, generates new distorted octahedral and fivefold/tetrahedral sites revealed by two typical sextets. The disordering of this solid solution and small (10-100 ?) sizes of domains with a perovskite, braunmillerite or Grenier phase structure caused the appearance of a superparamagnetic doublet, which grows with the Ca content up to x = 0.8 but disappears in the sample of pure braunmillerite. The appearance of Fe cations in a distorted coordination correlates with the increased activity of the samples with a microheterogeneous structure in the CO catalytic oxidation and with their reducibility by H₂. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adsorption Studies of Radionuclides and Toxic Metal Ions on a Modified Mesoporous Lanthanum(III) Silicate

A new adsorbent, modified mesoporous lanthanum(III) silicate, has been prepared with various molar ratios of Si/La (10, 20, 40, 80) and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. XRD, nitrogen sorption, SEM, IR, thermogravimetry and sorption of radionuclides and toxic metal ions have been studied. The results show that adsorption amount of some element such as Pb(II) and Th(IV) has been increased significantly by incorporation of lanthanum ions in the framework of adsorbent. Separation of Co(II)‐Th(IV), Co(II)‐U(VI) and Mo(VI)‐U(VI) has been developed on columns of this adsorbent.