鄱阳湖地区土壤微量元素含量分布及污染对植物的生物效应探讨

论述了鄱阳湖地区不同土壤类型微量元素的含量特征，土壤微量元素的环境质量，探讨了土壤微量元素与农作物的关系以及土壤污染影响农业生态的两种途径。     

南黄海表层沉积物稀土元素分布与物源关系

对南黄海295个表层沉积物样品稀土元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析,结果表明,南黄海表层沉积物稀土元素平均含量为188.39μg.g-1,稀土富集与重矿物有密切关系;稀土元素的球粒陨石配分模式均呈现Eu负异常,模式具负斜率,表明表层沉积物物质主要来源于大陆地壳。从稀土元素地球化学特征的区域变化来看,南黄海东部沉积物来源于朝鲜半岛,西部沉积物来源于黄河和长江物质输入,中部细粒沉积物主要与黄河及长江物质东南、东北扩散有关,东南部为朝鲜半岛及黄河、长江物质共同作用的结果。     

湖泊水体中土霉味化合物2-甲基异莰醇的合成与测定

利用甲基格氏试剂和天然樟脑反应，合成土霉味化合物２－甲基异醇，并用色谱，质谱和红外光谱对其进行鉴定，然后以合成ＭＩＢ作标样，测定ＭＩＢ的气相色谱保留值及其在东湖水体中浓度随季节变化规律，研究结果表明，东湖水体产生土霉味的主要成分为ＭＩＢ，在１９９５－１９９６年期间，１月、４月和９月为武汉东湖水体中ＭＩＢ浓度的高峰期，经测量定东湖水中ＭＩＩＢ的ＧＣ保留值与合成的ＭＩＢ的ＧＣ保留值完全一致。     

Manufacture of Boron-free Magnesia with High Purity from Residual Brine

A novel method for removing boron with ion exchange resin from residual brines tomanufacture boron-free magnesia is described. The concentration of boron in the target magnesiamanufactured thereby from Qinghai salt lakes is lower than 5 μg/g, and the typical D50 size ofproduct is 10.625 μm.     

Speciation of thallium in river sediments by consecutive leaching techniques

Freshwater sediments, non-polluted with respect to thallium, have been submitted to two independent sequential leaching procedures. Small concentrations require graphite furnace AAS measurements. The sensitivity of graphite furnace AAS is significantly lowered by matrix effects from both the reagent solutions, and also dissolved Ca, Mg, Fe and P. Separation and enrichment from acetate buffer, dithionite buffer, as well as from NaOH and HNO₃ after neutralization, can be achieved by coprecipitation with MnO₂. Hydroxylamine in acetic acid as well as oxalate has to be destroyed by oxidation with H₂O₂, catalyzed by Pd. From NH₄Cl and HCl, Tl is not coprecipitated with MnO₂. It can be however, separated, by liquid-liquid extraction from 1M HCl into butyl acetate.As a result of the leaching sequence, Tl is found largely in the nitric-acid leachable, and the oxalate-leachable fractions. In the alternative sequence it is evenly distributed among alkali-mobile and acid-mobile fractions. Soluble thallium was completely adsorbed by the sediments from tap water overnight. In subsequent sequential leaching, it was found highly exchangeable at pH 7 against ammonium chloride or ammonium acetate.     

松辽盆地中生代可容空间变化特征

对松辽盆地可容空间变化规律的研究 ,有助于认识其生储盖组合特征和勘探潜力 .利用地震剖面解释并配合钻井和岩心等资料的分析 ,在松辽盆地中生代地层中识别出水下可容空间、陆上可容空间、盆地可容空间和潜在可容空间等 4种可容空间类型 .不同的可容空间其增加方式不同 :气候的由干→潮湿转变 ,湖海短期沟通增加水下可容空间 ;河流平衡剖面的迁移产生陆上可容空间 ;边界断层的活动或盆地整体坳陷产生盆地可容空间 .不同类型可容空间之间的对比关系 ,控制了盆地中生油层、储集层、盖层的发育情况及生储盖组合特征 .     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis in different matrices of the marine environment

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in marine samples of various types, i.e. seawater, sediment and mussel homogenate samples. The samples were spiked with standard PAH mixtures in both polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (i-octane) solvents, then extracted. Extraction from seawater was performed by liquid/liquid extraction to hexane (LLE) and with solid phase extraction (SPE) discs. The water samples were filtered and unfiltered seawater, and redistilled water for comparison. The discs with PAHs adsorbed from water samples, and also the sediment and mussel homogenate samples, were extracted with acetonitrile by sonication. PAHs in the disc extracts and from the LLE were cleaned-up using TLC and next determined by GC/MS/IT (with ion-trap) and HPLC-DAD/UV. The analytical procedures were verified with deuterated PAH standard mixtures. The large differences in PAH recoveries (from 12 to 86% for sum, and from 3 to 135% for particular PAHs) do not depend solely on the type of matrix and analytical procedure applied (e.g. standard solvent, volume of evaporated sample), but also on the concentration and molecular structure of the analyte. Usually, only a fraction of each PAH content in the matrix is determined, depending on the particulate matter in seawater and the sorption properties of the solid matrix. The recoveries of deuterated PAHs are higher than those of non-deuterated compounds.     

潮州市西湖沉积物中金属元素的污染特性研究

用原子吸收分光光度法研究了潮州市西湖沉积物中的铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、镍、镁、钙等金属元素的含量及分布规律。结果表明,铜、铅、锌、镉和镍是主要的重金属污染物,沉积物中5种重金属的平均含量为:铜584.7 mg/kg,铅149.1 mg/kg,锌360.9 mg/kg,镉1.2 mg/kg,镍76.7 mg/kg,均高于我国土壤背景值。     

Thermische Analyse an Fluβsedimenten der Saale

Samples of sediments taken from the River Saale at different locations were investigated by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy.The thermal behaviour of these sediments varied significantly depending on contents of organic and inorganic compounds. The variable organic loading resulted from the different degrees of treatment of communal or industrial waste water. Mass spectrometric investigations in the lower temperature ranges demonstrated humic substances as essential components.The mineral components in the river sections of the slate mountains differed significantly from those of the shell limestone. The results of FTIR analysis of these samples confirmed well with the findings of thermoanalytical investigations.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.