基于湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成的管理信息系统框架研究

我国湖泊富营养化控制管理是由多个管理部门共同进行，多个部门之间的协调障碍导致了富营养化控制效果的不明显，因此本文提出了湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成的方法，并以此为基础，构建了城市湖泊富营养化控制技术综合集成的管理信息系统（CILECT-MIS）的框架，指出CILECT-MIS的数据库系统是由空间数据、监测数据和管理数据等组成，系统的集成体现在规划方案的集成和方案管理的集成等方面，最后构建了武汉汉阳地区CILECT-MIS的四个层次：基础数据层、综合评价层、信息管理层以及面向用户的层次。     

Radiometric dating of sediments derived from metamorphic rocks of the Dabie orogenic belt in the Jurasic and Early Cretaceous

Using isotopic dating of tuff, heavy mineral and lithofacies, correlation of Jurassic strata on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt (DOB) has been enabled in the Fenghuangtai, Zhougongshan, Maotanchang and Jingangtai formations, which might be as young as Early Cretaceous. Depositional systems have been interpreted as mainly alluvial fan, braided stream and overbank, secondarily fan-delta and lacustrine. The palaeocurrent systems of the Jurassic-Cretaceous basins can be divided into two classes: one transverse adjacent to the southern margin, the other longitudinal close to the middle flowing from west to east. Mesozoic sedimentary source rocks are mainly from the DOB and, according to their geochemistry, experienced evolution in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The Jurassic-Cretaceous strata have been subdivided into four Chronosomes, and their overlapping progressively from east toward west implies that exhumation of the DOB characterized diachronous. Based on stratigraphic evidence from eclogite conglomerates found in the Maotanchang and Fenghuangtai formations, the first exposure of UHP (ultrahigh pressure) rocks in the DOB occurred in Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous time. Further, phengites and Triassic zircons found in the Lower Jurassic Fanghushan Formation suggest that denudation began in the Early Jurassic.     

Pyrolysis–GC–MS to trace terrigenous organic matter in marine sediments: a comparison between pyrolytic and lipid markers in the Adriatic Sea

The effectiveness of semiquantitative pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS) as a rapid analytical technique for sourcing continental organic matter (OM) in marine sediments was examined by comparison with classical GC–MS analyses of solvent extractable lipid markers. Py–GC–MS was directly applied to HCl/HF de-ashed surface sediment samples collected in five stations located in north western Adriatic Sea. The resulting pyrolysates were characterised by compounds indicative of different biological precursors (e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, chlorophylls), including lignin methoxyphenols diagnostic for continental inputs. The relative abundance of pyrolytic markers was compared to the distribution of n-alkanes, n-alkanols and sterols extracted from the same sediments and determined by GC–MS analyses. For each class of molecular indicators, the terrigenous to aquatic ratio (TAR) was determined as follows: relative abundance of methoxyphenol/protein markers (TAR_PY), concentration ratios of (C27 + C29 + C31)/(C15 + C17 + C19) n-alkanes (TAR_HC), (C26 + C28+ C30)/(C14 + C16) n-alkanols (TAR_AL) and sitosterol/cholesterol (TAR_ST). A positive correlation was found between TAR_PY and both TAR_HC and TAR_AL indicating a decreasing contribution of land-plant-derived materials seaward in two investigated transects. TAR_ST values displayed a different trend suggesting a mixed origin for sitosterol. The distribution of TAR_PY values was also in good agreement with that of atomic C/N ratios. Considering the complexity of environmental systems (diagenetic alteration, different fractions of OM analysed) the obtained results indicate that the pyrolytic marker approach by Py–GC–MS is valuable for sourcing marine OM on a semiquantitative base, providing data consistent with GC–MS determinations of lipid markers and elemental bulk analyses.     

中国堵江滑坡的分布、成因和基本特征研究

滑坡堵江在中国山区广泛发育,全部或不完全堵塞江河,形成堰塞湖.作者近年来的研究工作主要在堵江滑坡的识别和调查上,目前已识别堵江滑坡160余个.在这些资料的基础上,研究了中国堵江滑坡的诱发因素、不同类型堵江滑坡发育的背景条件、天然堆石坝和堰塞湖的基本特征.     

洞庭湖区农业洪涝灾害脆弱性变化研究

根据1989年、l999年两个不同时期的气象资料和经济统计数据，运用数学模型，对不同时间尺度下洞庭湖区的农业洪涝灾害脆弱性进行定量评估，并作出GIs地图，通过对比分析得出该时期内洞庭湖区农业洪涝灾害脆弱性略有上升，脆弱度较高地区包括沅江市、南县、益阳县、安乡县、汉寿县、湘阴县、益阳市和岳阳市，主要分布在南洞庭湖区和四水尾闾，地势低平、河网密集是这些地区高脆弱度形成的重要原因；脆弱度较低地区包括常德市、津市市、岳阳县和汩罗市，大都处在湖区的边缘，洪水压力较小．分析了洪涝灾害脆弱性动态变化的自然环境因素和社会经济因素，并针对如何降低农业洪涝灾害脆弱性提出建议，为有关部门制定政策提供参考。     

鱼蚌混养的生态经济效益分析——以江西大金山水产养殖公司为例

以江西大金山水产养殖公司鱼和蚌的混合养殖为例，通过对生态和经济的可行性分析提出鱼蚌混养是鄱阳湖区退田还湖的生态经济途径之一，长江流域的其它湖区可参考推广．     

固化湖泊淤泥烧结砖的性能与微结构

以固化湖泊淤泥为主要原材料,采用真空挤压塑性成型技术制备并经烧结得到小样砖.对原材料进行理化性能分析发现,少量固化剂的加入并未明显改变淤泥的塑性指数、氧化物组成、矿物组成等,但对成型性能有一定的影响.测试并比较了湖泊淤泥、固化湖泊淤泥实验室小样砖坯体的干燥线性收缩、烧结后小样砖的体积密度、吸水率、强度、导热系数、抗冻性等.研究发现,当固化淤泥掺量为90%,煤渣掺量为10%时,可制备出坯体干燥线性收缩为5.42%,成品吸水率为18.2%,强度为15.8 MPa的小样砖,其综合性能较未经固化处理的湖泊淤泥烧结小样砖略差.采用SEM和MIP等测试手段对其微结构进行研究,结果表明,固化淤泥烧结小样砖与相同煤渣掺量的湖泊淤泥烧结小样砖相比,其微观结构更为疏松,未被玻璃相包裹的颗粒及未被填充的孔隙更多,孔隙率较大是导致其强度较低、吸水率较高的主要原因,但同时,其导热系数略低.2种烧结小样砖均具有好的抗冻性.     

环湾论——鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深层石油成藏规律

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖湾区暗色泥岩生烃潜力及环湖湾区石油成藏规律。通过分析湖湾区暗色泥岩生烃指标(TOC、S1+S2、HI、氯仿沥青"A"含量、烃含量、干酪根类型及有机质成熟度)、原油成熟度,综合湖湾区分流河道砂岩发育特征及与泥岩接触关系分析,结果表明:1湖湾区暗色泥岩为好-中等烃源岩,可以成为生烃灶;2延伸入湖湾区的分流河道砂岩、湖湾砂坝砂岩为石油运移通道,石油由湖湾沿分流河道向外运移;3湖湾西侧发育砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭,湖湾内砂坝为透镜体状岩性圈闭;4由湖湾近源运移到岩性圈闭中形成侧生侧储或自生自储岩性油藏。该结果使鄂尔多斯盆地延长组的生烃区面积及石油勘探区域得到扩大。     

东、中亚干旱--半干旱区全新世湖泊沉积w (TOC)与δ13 Corg意义的阈值问题

选择了东、中亚干旱?半干旱区14个湖泊全新世沉积物的w(TOC)和δ13Corg纪录,探讨了TOC及其不同沉积阶段对δ13 Corg变化的影响及两者的关系,为δ13 Corg在古气候研究中的正确使用提供依据。结果表明：湖泊沉积物δ13Corg的变化在一定程度上受控于w(TOC)。该区域湖泊沉积物w(TOC)相对于δ13Corg变化存在相应阈值,不同阈值区间代表TOC的不同沉积模式,不同沉积模式下w(TOC)和δ13Corg 的关系不同。 w(TOC)较低或较高时,两者均无对应关系,可能是有机质受到不稳定的沉积环境影响;不同湖泊主导有机碳沉积的模式不同;δ13 Corg在相应TOC的重沉积埋藏模式下可能与气候变化有关,因此在利用δ13 Corg解释气候变化时应结合有机质沉积阶段进行分析。