浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定巢湖表层沉积物中铬的形态

以1-(2-噻唑偶氮)-2-萘酚(TAN)为络合试剂,非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114为萃取剂,浊点萃取同时富集Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),并于RP-C18柱上,用含4.5 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和0.03mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH5.5)的甲醇-水(体积比69∶31)溶液为流动相,对富集的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)进行高效液相色谱快速分离、测定。对浊点萃取时溶液的pH值、TAN和Triton X-114的用量等影响因素进行了考察。在优化实验条件下,对100μg/L的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)进行7次平行测定,保留时间的相对标准偏差分别为1.2%和0.9%,峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为4.7%和2.7%。Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的线性范围均为50~5 000μg/L,检出限分别为7.5、3.5μg/L。大部分离子不干扰测定,该方法具有较高的灵敏度,可用于湖泊表层沉积物中铬形态的分析。     

富营养化湖泊中铜锈环棱螺分解对钨迁移影响

以富营养化的太湖梅梁湾为研究对象,利用平面光极、高分辨率平衡式间隙水采样(HR-Peeper)装置和薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术获取沉积物水界面溶解氧(DO)二维平面和溶解态/生物有效态钨(W)一维垂向分布信息,分析铜锈环棱螺分解对太湖底泥中钨迁移的影响效应。试验结果表明:铜锈环棱螺死亡分解后会迅速降低沉积物水界面DO浓度,形成厌氧环境,引起间隙水及上覆水中溶解态钨质量浓度的增加,溶解态钨平均质量浓度增加幅度是对照组的28.92%～11446%,显著提升了沉积物水界面钨的生物有效性(DGT所测结果);与钨质量浓度变化类似,铜锈环棱螺分解前期(第8天)沉积物间隙水中铁、锰质量浓度同步增加且与钨浓度变化呈显著正相关(R2≥0.716,p<0.01)关系,水相中溶解态钨质量浓度增加是由厌氧环境下沉积物中铁锰氧化物还原溶解所致,分解后期(第16天和36天)间隙水中钨质量浓度的增加主要是由于铜锈环棱螺体内累积的钨释放所致。     

青藏高原不同半径热融湖下融区发展差异的非线性分析

以青藏高原北麓河地区的气象资料、热融湖信息和冻土监测数据为基础,以柱坐标系下伴有相变的热传导方程为模型,在假设不同半径热融湖湖底温度和湖水深度相同条件下,模拟了不同半径热融湖对湖下多年冻土热状况和融区发展长期影响的差异.计算结果表明,不同半径热融湖湖下土壤热状况和融区发展都有较大差异,精确模拟热融湖下土壤热状况和融区发展的数学模型必须考虑热融滑塌引起的热融湖横向扩展作用.     

松辽盆地北部浅水三角洲前缘砂体类型、特征与沉积动力学过程分析

通过充分利用开发检查全井段的取芯资料,结合开发井的水动力资料,系统总结出地形、河流与湖泊大小、气候变化和湖面升降对浅水三角洲前缘沉积环境的影响,分析了浅水三角洲的沉积动力学过程.浅水三角洲前缘平坦、开阔.三角洲平原上的分流河道向湖泊中心方向长距离推进,在三角洲前缘的浅水区发育很有特色的水下分流河道,且在湖面频繁波动过程中,河流、波浪和沿岸流的冲刷作用对沉积物的分布起到重要作用,导致以水下分流河道砂体为主的三角洲前缘砂体不同程度的席状化.随着气候变得潮湿,湖面相对稳定,季节性、周期性湖面波动的频率、幅度也减小,水动力对三角洲前缘砂体的改造和席状化强度减弱.     

Examination of Contemporary Lake Sediments by Means of Thermal Analysis: The Dabie lake near Szczecin

An attempt was made to use thermal analysis (DTA, TG, DTG) for identification of the mineralogical composition of contemporary lake sediments. Sediments were investigated both in the natural state and after ignition at 300°C. Selected fractions of the sediments in the natural state were also studied. The thermoanalytical curves of mollusca shells, reed and plankton were also recorded for use in the interpretation of the thermoanalytical curves of sediments.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄石城区湖泊水环境污染现状及污染治理措施研究

对黄石市城区湖泊水环境质量现状进行分析,并叙述了已经采取和正在采取的治理措施。在对当前对湖泊治理的基本方法研究的基础上,提出了对黄石城区湖泊进行综合整治的措施     

Elevated tri(n-butyl)tin concentrations in shellfish and sediments from Suva Harbour,Fiji

Tri(n-butyl)tin (TBT) concentrations were determined in sediments and selected shellfish from Suva Harbour, Fiji. Sediments in the immediate vicinity of foreshore slipways and boatyards were exceedingly contaminated, with a maximum observed level of 38μ g^?1 TBT-Sn. Concentrations were much lower in surficial sediments from commercial docks and yacht mooring areas, namely 16–83 ng g^?1 TBT-Sn. Mangrove oysters (Crassostrea mordax), gastropods (Thais mancinella), and bivalves (Anadara scapha) were found to have accumulated TBT. Concentrations as high as 3180 ng g^?1 TBT-Sn were found in mangrove oysters. With respect to the mangrove oyster, its widespread distribution, abundance and proclivity to accumulate TBT suggest that it is likely to be the best bioindicator species of TBT contamination in Fijian coastal waters.     

开都河——孔雀河流域水资源综合利用优化管理模型

根据开都河——孔雀河流域水资源系统的特点 ,从系统分析的角度出发 ,综合考虑水利 ,水电及生态环境保护工程效益 ,提出了一个多目标优化管理模型 .该模型能模拟实际系统的运行 ,还具有良好的扩展性 ,为科学治理保护开都河——孔雀河流域提供了可靠的科学依据 .     

Butyltin speciation in sediments and biological samples by hydride generation gas chromatography quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; a study of acid leaching procedures and hydride generation

The efficiency of the extraction of butyltin compounds from sediments and biological matter by acid leaching procedures has been evaluated on real samples using the hydride generation gas chromatography quartz furnace atomic absorption (GC AA) speciation method. The most efficient method uses cold pure acetic acid over a period of four hours. Hydride generation using sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH₄) is dependent on matrix composition and care must be taken to adapt the amount of reactant to the organic content of the sample.