微生物对沉积物汞释放影响的实验研究

受污染沉积物汞的释放已成为湖泊水体汞的重要污染源之一.通过沉积物原状柱的室内培育实验,对微生物、氧化还原电位对沉积物汞释放的影响进行了研究.实验表明氧化还原条件和微生物都是沉积物汞释放的重要因素,厌氧条件初期以及微生物的活动都能促进汞的释放.     

山西运城盐湖区白骨顶羽毛Pb、Cu、Cd的含量及分布

对采自于山西运城盐湖区白骨顶(Fulica atra)羽毛铅、铜、镉含量进行了测定,并对这几种重金属在各个部位羽毛中的浓度进行了比较.结果表明,白骨顶羽毛的Pb含量为0.53～6.26μg/g、Cu含量为0.56～9.18μg/g、Cd含量0.002～0.24μg/g.铅在白骨顶羽毛中以背羽含量为最高,腹羽最低;铜含量以初级飞羽最高,背羽最低;镉含量背羽最高,腹羽最低.     

红枫湖水库富营养化现状分析

根据红枫湖自然环境特点,采用现场调查、地况分析、水样测试以及历史资料综合分析相结合的方法,对其特有的污染源群体进行了不同的分类研究,对红枫湖水体中的污染物来源作详细调查,结果表明:红枫湖近年来主要是氮超标,氮源主要来自于尚末彻底拆除投饵养殖业、入湖的工业废水、湖区居民生活及水上娱乐、自然降水等.其中网箱养殖源是最大的污染源.     

西北太平洋表层沉积物地球化学特征及其物源指示意义

为深入了解西北太平洋表层沉积物地球化学特征及物质来源,对大洋40航次在西北太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区采集的表层沉积物进行了全岩地球化学和黏土矿物测试分析。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物稀土元素（REE)平均质量分数为302.87×10^-6,北美页岩标准化稀土配分模式与黄土相似,并具Ce轻微负异常和Eu无异常特征。稀土配分模式、判别函数（discriminant functions,DF）、M/I（蒙脱石/伊利石）及涂片鉴定等结果指示沉积物物源具有多源性,主要为陆源风尘物质,并受海洋自生物质的强烈影响,海山玄武岩及其蚀变产物和硅质生物也有一定的贡献。研究区沉积物稀土特征既不同于边缘海沉积物,也有别于远洋沉积物,而与弧后盆地沉积物类似。结合1/δCe-LREE/HREE和LREE/HREE-Y/Ho判别图解结果,研究区沉积物物源结构属性应介于边缘海沉积物与远洋沉积物之间,为洋陆过渡区沉积。     

湖泊水体年龄与水体中放射性同位素浓度关系浅析

为了研究湖泊水体年龄与水体中放射性同位素浓度之间的定量关系,运用数学物理方法给出了湖泊水体年龄展开为湖泊水体中放射性同位素浓度的函数表达式.在介绍年龄输运方程概念及其意义的基础上,以微分方程为分析工具,根据质量守恒原理和放射性衰变原理,利用微元法分别推导了湖泊水体的年龄输运方程和湖泊水体中放射性同位素浓度的变化规律,并给出了各自的解析解;在此两者的基础上给出了湖泊水体年龄与水体中放射性同位素浓度之间的函数关系.     

湖北省平原湖区粮食安全研究

从粮食生产的条件和现状、粮食生产存在的问题3个方面分别对湖北省平原湖区的粮食安全状况进行了分析;从粮食生产任务,粮食生产能力的建设以及合理调整农业结构3个方面提出了提高平原湖区粮食生产能力的对策.     

我国锂资源及其开发技术进展

介绍了我国盐湖锂资源的现状及其开发技术的进展情况,讨论了各种提锂工艺的优缺点,并对现阶段我国盐湖锂资源的开发提出了建议。     

应用地质累积指数评价成都市河流表层沉积物重金属污染

根据流经成都市内的三条河流(府河、南河、沙河)表层沉积物重金属资料,应用地质累积指数法对重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明,河流主要的重金属污染物是Cr,地质累积指数分级多在0~1之间,属于无污染-中度污染范畴。     

Investigation of anthropic effects connected with metal ions concentration, organic matter and grain size in Bormida river sediments

An investigation on the sediment composition and grain size was carried out along the Bormida river (Piedmont, Northern Italy). The samples were taken both in the riverbed and on its banks. Multivariate statistical exploratory methods permitted to identify possible sources of primary pollution. In particular, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there are probably at least three anthropogenic main causes of pollution, one connected with Cr, Ni and Sn, the second with cadmium and the last one with mercury. Some correlations were found between heavy metal ion concentrations and organic matter and/or the sediment grain size. Differences between the samples collected in the riverbed and on the banks were identified and the relationships between the principal components and the distance of the samples from the riverbed and from the hot spot represented by the ACNA industrial site were also analyzed.     

GEOCHEMISTY OF BICYCLIC ALKANES IN SEDIMENTS, COAL AND CRUDE OILS

By using GC-MS to analyze the extracts of source rocks, coal and crude oil samplesformed in different sedimentary environments in China, New Zealand and Australia, twenty-two compounds of five types of bicyclic alkanes have been dis covered in the samples. Thispaper makes an exposition of stereochemical structure, abundance and distributive features ofthese compounds and their relation to sedimentary environments and thermal evolution. Furt-thermore, it demonstrates how the abundance ratios of bicyclic alkanes to steranes and ter-panes, drimane to homodramane and the relative abundance of C_(15),C_(16),C_(12)-C_(14) series of bicyclic-alkane compounds can be used to judge and determine types of oil and gas forming environ-ments (the depositive environments of source rocks from which the oil and gas wereformed), characteristics of source rocks and degree of maturation.