鄱阳湖湿地保护与区域可持续发展

鄱阳湖区有十分丰富的湿地资源，是我国重要的温地之一。有效保护和合理利用这一重要资源，对振兴湖区经济保护区域生态环境和实施可持续发展战略有十分重要的意义。本文通过分析鄱阳湖湿地资源特点，以生态经济战略为指导思想，着重探讨了保护和合理利用这一资源的发展思路和措施等，提出了鄱阳湖区实施可持续发展的几点建议。     

A method of quantitatively calculating amount of allochthonous organic carbon in lake sediments

Conclusion The lake sediments have registered the information of palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the lake itself and the regional scale. This also leads to a complexity in study of the palaeolimnology by all kinds of proxies. How to purify these proxies to indicate the palaeoclimate has become a problem to be solved. Most of the proxies can qualitively identify the percentage of allochthonous and autochthonous organic components, e.g. δ¹³c_org CD/TC. The model introduced in this note has provided a method of quantitatively calculating the amount of allochthonous organic carbon. As for determination of regulating parameters, i.e. A1 and As, further work is still in need.     

应用主成份分析法评判湖泊营养类别

采用主成份分析法对１８个湖泊的是总磷、总氮、耗氧量、生物量、透明度进行了分析，并对湖泊营养类别进行了评判。分析结果表明，湖泊营养状态是总磷、总氮，耗氧量、生物量、透明度综合作用的结果，其中总磷的作用最大，其次是总氮。     

封洲禁牧对鄱阳湖疫区血吸虫病水体感染性影响的研究

简介了鄱阳湖血吸虫病的流行概况，巧妙地设计出不灭钉螺、采取封洲禁牧等综合措施，从而做到有螺无害、净化草洲，有效地降低鄱阳湖疫区血吸虫病水体的感染性指数。     

青海盐湖水化学特征的因子分析研究

采用最大方差正交旋转因子分析方法研究青海盐湖水化学特征，结果表明，青海盐湖水化学类型主要为硫酸镁盐型，盐湖卤水发育程度较深，没有碳酸盐型，K、Na、Mg//Cl、SO4-H2O是青海盐湖卤水的主要化学平衡体系等，这与青海盐湖的实际情况完全相符。     

辽西早白垩世义县组大康堡层纹泥的古环境意义

辽西地区义县组湖泊沉积层中产出著名的“热河生物群”化石,对于此时期古环境的研究一直是诸多学者关注的焦点.本文对大康堡层湖相纹泥展开研究,重建此时期古环境.通过野外及室内对纹泥组成、类型、厚度等方面的观测,对此时期古气候有了新的认识.纹泥厚度特征变化表明沉积期降水量和沉积速率逐渐减小,统计洪水沉积间纹层数量可指示沉积期洪水事件的频率和规模.结合近现代纹泥形成和保存条件,可知该地区沉积期湖泊水体较深,湖水分层,存在一个缺氧环境,具有较小的表面积/深度比,湖盆形态适合,未受到风的侵扰.     

In Situ Correlations Between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Pah Metabolizing System Activities in Mussels and Fish in the Mediterranean Sea: Preliminary Results

Abstract

Biochemical indices based on enzymatic activities have been determined in fish and mussels sampled in various different coastal locations in the Mediterranean Sea. Preliminary results show a good agreement between biochemical measurements in marine organisms and chemical analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in sediments. The results obtained suggest the use of biochemical indices for application in chemical contaminant biomonitoring.     

Artifacts in the Determination of Trace Metal Binding Forms in Anoxic Sediments by Sequential Extraction

Abstract

The binding forms of Co, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in an anoxic, sulfide-bearing sediment were investigated by performing both thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and sequential extractions. Care was taken to maintain oxygen-free conditions during the whole experiment. The calculations suggested that trace metals were bound to sulfidic minerals. Sequential extraction results, however, showed increased importance of exchangeable and reducible fractions in the order Cu < Cd < Pb < Zn < Co. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of the chemical reactions during extraction showed that Cd, Co, Pb, and Zn sulfides are to a significant extent soluble in the acetate-exchangeable (step 1 + 2) and oxalate-reducible (step 3) fractions. Neglecting the dissolution of sulfide minerals would lead to a misinterpretation of the experimental results.     

Separation of Hydrocarbon Mixtures in the Microgram Range by Inclusion in a Urea-packed Mini Column

Abstract

The use of classical urea inclusion techniques for the separation of straight chain hydrocarbons from branched and cyclic compounds is satisfactory when applied to mixtures in the milligram to gram ranges, but leads to low separation efficiencies when quantities in the microgram to milligram range are involved. In this study, a modified inclusion technique using an urea-packed milli-bore column and a catalytic eluent is described. Examples of its use for the separation of mixtures of linear and cyclic hydrocarbons from 30μg up to a few milligrams are given. The versatility of this technique for the analyses of low amounts of environmental samples is described, and an application to the hydrocarbon fraction of surface sediment from lake Leman (Switzerland) is presented.     

Arsenic Speciation in Marine Sediments: Effects of Redox Potential and Reducing conditions

Abstract

The speciation of arsenic in the environment is among others controlled by reduction, methylation and oxidation processes and therefore influenced by the prevailing redox conditions. In this study we have analyzed sediments taken from La Coruña estuary in the north west of Spain. Inorganic (trivalent and pentavalent) and the organic (MMA and DMA) arsenic speciation is related to Eh, Fe and Mn load. The various of the arsenic species concentration and other parameters was analyzed at different depths in some of the sampling points. Low arsenic concentrations (1–10 μg·g^–1) were found. In spite of oxidising conditions (Eh values between 31–96 mV), most of the samples showed a higher As(V) percentage than As (III). Principal component analysis was made to see a sample groups and the results showed that speciation depends on reducing conditions (Eh and Mn).