青海湖旅游区生命周期问题探讨

本文立足青海实际，在分析影响青海湖旅游区生命周期的诸因素基础上，提出了延长该区旅游生命周期的具体措施。     

High precision topographic data on Lop Nor basin's Lake "Great Ear" ? and the timing of its becoming a dry salt lake

High precision elevation measurements using DGPS were carried out along three representative tran- sects for the "Great Ear" area, a dry salt lake within the Lop Nor basin. Results indicate that the Lop Nor basin is only 5.2 m deep and its lowest point occurs at the center of the "Great Ear". In addition, the basin is asymmetric - steeper in the southwest (0.19‰) and gentler in the northeast (0.09‰). Points along the same "Great Ear" ring were found to have an identical elevation value, but different when from different ones (lower towards the center). The spacing of the "Great Ear" rings was found to be closely related with the surface steepness. The closer the "Great Ear" rings are spaced, the steeper the ground surface, and vice versa. These findings support the argument that the "Great Ear" rings are the former shoreline trails left behind by Lop Nor water during the last few episodes of recession towards its total dry up. A comprehensive analysis of the high precision elevation data, historical accounts, aerial and satellite photographs and imagery, and official topographic maps of the study area suggests that the "Great Ear" area in the Lop Nor basin was incorrectly mapped as being covered by a great body of water on the 1963 topographic maps. A re-interpretation of the 1958 aerial photographs and newer remote sensing imagery indicated that the "Great Ear" ring structure was already in place in 1958 and it continued to appear on the subsequent remote sensing data without any major changes. It is estimated that lake water in the "Great Ear" area of the Lop Nor basin disappeared between the late 1930s and early 1940s.     

养殖池塘沉积物的重金属分布及污染特征

浙江省淅西北地区淡水养殖池塘沉积物重金属调查研究表明，养殖池塘沉积物中7种重金属元素分布不均衡，差异也较大，除Hg和Cr元素外，其余重金属元素已大大超过土壤本底值．虽然其实测含量都未超出国家规定的标准值范围，但沉积物中重金属元素对养殖水环境、养殖品种存在的潜在污染与危害值得关注．污染指数评价显示，养殖池塘沉积物中主要污染物质为Cu和Cr，而Hg、Pb污染程度相对较轻．     

Determination of tributyltin oxide in coastal marine sediments and mussels by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

We have devised a new method for bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO) determination in marine sediments and mussels. This technique involves an n-hexane/methylene chloride mixture extraction and extract purification with a sodium hydroxide wash in order to eliminate interfering compounds. TBTO is then extracted again by nitric acid and converted into an inorganic tin species; the analysis has been effected using Zeeman graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method detection limit for the matrices examined is 0.004 μg TBTO g^?1 (wet weight) and is sufficient for the analysis in real samples. The percentage recovery of TBTO from sediments and mussels samples is higher than 85% and 95% respectively. This method has been applied to TBTO level determination in sediments and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sampled in the harbour area in Taranto, where mussel culture activities are much developed; the TBTO levels obtained in sediments and mussels were in the range 15-47 ng g^?1 (wet weight) and 11-30 ng g^?1 (wet weight) respectively. Such values are comparable with those found in other harbour areas in the Mediterranean Sea.     

杨庄煤矿塌陷湖水资源勘查计算

通过对塌陷湖的实地勘查,运用水均衡原理,计算出该湖可供开采的水资源,认为该塌陷湖可作为淮北市供水后备水源地之一。     

A method of quantitatively calculating amount of allochthonous organic carbon in lake sediments

Conclusion The lake sediments have registered the information of palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the lake itself and the regional scale. This also leads to a complexity in study of the palaeolimnology by all kinds of proxies. How to purify these proxies to indicate the palaeoclimate has become a problem to be solved. Most of the proxies can qualitively identify the percentage of allochthonous and autochthonous organic components, e.g. δ¹³c_org CD/TC. The model introduced in this note has provided a method of quantitatively calculating the amount of allochthonous organic carbon. As for determination of regulating parameters, i.e. A1 and As, further work is still in need.     

青海盐湖水化学特征的因子分析研究

采用最大方差正交旋转因子分析方法研究青海盐湖水化学特征，结果表明，青海盐湖水化学类型主要为硫酸镁盐型，盐湖卤水发育程度较深，没有碳酸盐型，K、Na、Mg//Cl、SO4-H2O是青海盐湖卤水的主要化学平衡体系等，这与青海盐湖的实际情况完全相符。     

辽西早白垩世义县组大康堡层纹泥的古环境意义

辽西地区义县组湖泊沉积层中产出著名的“热河生物群”化石,对于此时期古环境的研究一直是诸多学者关注的焦点.本文对大康堡层湖相纹泥展开研究,重建此时期古环境.通过野外及室内对纹泥组成、类型、厚度等方面的观测,对此时期古气候有了新的认识.纹泥厚度特征变化表明沉积期降水量和沉积速率逐渐减小,统计洪水沉积间纹层数量可指示沉积期洪水事件的频率和规模.结合近现代纹泥形成和保存条件,可知该地区沉积期湖泊水体较深,湖水分层,存在一个缺氧环境,具有较小的表面积/深度比,湖盆形态适合,未受到风的侵扰.     

黄河水中甘氨酸对铅(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的影响

研究了黄河水中甘氨酸对铅(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的离子交换率E%—pH的影响.实验结果表明:①在2×7.73×10-3mmol·L-1甘氨酸存在下,离子交换率降低;②随着甘氨酸浓度的增加,S型曲线与未加甘氨酸相比,先左后右移动;③甘氨酸存在下,转型表层沉积物比自干表层沉积物离子交换率高.     

洞庭湖区季节性河流浅滩航道整治方法初探--以安乡至茅草街航线七星堆滩整治为例

安乡至茅草街航线位于洞庭湖区长江分洪道凇滋河与虎渡河会流后的尾闾段,该航线为季节性河流．此类河流浅滩来水来沙条件及演变规律均与一般平原河流浅滩明显不同．涨水期河段输沙顺畅时,浅滩主流以冲刷为主;周边河流涨水及洞庭湖水位普遍抬高的滞水期,浅滩发生淤积．以七星堆滩为典型,归纳了针对该类浅滩在挖横布置及整治建筑物方面的设计原理,总结了该类滩险航道整治的设计思路、整治原则和方法．