A buffer insertion and simultaneous sizing timing optimization algorithm

A path-based timing optimization algorithm for buffer insertion and simultaneous sizing is proposed. Firstly, candidate buffer insertion location and buffer size for each branch in a given routing path were obtained via localized timing optimization. Then, through evaluating each potential insertion against design objectives, potential optimal buffer insertion locations and sizes for the whole routing tree were determined. At last, by removing redundant buffer insertion operations which do not maximize S （ so ）, given timing requirements are finally fulfilled through minimum number of buffers.     

Multilayer Porous Vanadium Nitride Microsheets Anodes for Highly Stable Na-ion Batteries

Sodiumion batteries(SIBs)have attracted intensive attention as promising alternative to lithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)for large scale energy storage systems because of low cost of sodium,similar energy storage mechanism and the reasonable performance.However,it is still a great challenge to search and design a robust structure of anode materials with excellent cycling stability and high rate capability for SIBs.Herein,multilayer porous vanadium nitride(VN)microsheets are synthesized through a facile and scalable hydrothermal synthesis-nitrogenization strategy as an effective anode material for SIBs.The multilayer porous VN microsheets not only offer more active sites for fast Na+insertion/extraction process and short diffusion pathway,but also effectively buffer the volume change of anode due to more space in the multilayer porous structure.The large proportions of capacitive behavior imply that the Na+charge storage depends on the intercalation pseudocapacitive mechanism.The multilayer porous VN microsheets electrodes manifest excellent cycling stability and rate capability,delivering a discharge capacity of 156.1 mA·h/g at 200 mA/g after 100 cycles,and a discharge capacity of 111.9 mA·h/g at 1.0 A/g even after 2300 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%.     

低碳醇合成Raney Cu－Co催化剂的表征

本文采用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、及Ｈ_２—ＴＰＤ技术对不同Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ比的几个ＲａｎｅｙＣｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂进行了表征．并与反应醇选择性进行了关联．结果表明：ＲａｎｅｙＣｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂均由不同Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ比的两个Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ固溶体相组成，还原（Ｈ_２，５６３Ｋ，２ｈ）前，表面除有Ｃｕ￣０和Ｃｏ￣０外，尚有少量Ｃｕ￣（＋１）和显著量的Ｃｏ￣（＋２）存在，还原后，Ｃｕ￣（＋１）几乎消失，Ｃｏ￣（＋２）仍有一定量存在，在反应温度下（５６３Ｋ），ＣＯ和ＣＯ_２均能使表面Ｃｏ￣０部分氧化，且ＣＯ_２氧化能力大于ＣＯ，而合成气（Ｈ_２／ＣＯ＝２）表现为还原的性质。三种气氛对Ｃｕ￣０无明显影响。催化剂表面Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ比高于体相Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ比，表面Ｃｕ富集显著．ＲａｎｅｙＣｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂表面有四种吸氢中心：Ｃｕ（弱吸氢中心），高配位Ｃｏ（弱吸氢中心），低配位Ｃｏ（活化吸氢中心），及强吸氢中心；对不同催化剂，表面低配位Ｃｏ中心的比例与醇选择性有一致的变化规律。基于上述结果，就ＣＯ播入中心进行了讨论。     

Li/富锂钒青铜(Li_6V_6O_(15))二次电池正极材料研究

近年来,人们对二次锂电池的正极进行了不少研究。许多过渡金属氧化物或硫化物,如V_6O(13),Li_(1+x)V_3O_8,TiS_2,MoS_2等被认为是较好的正极材料。Pistoia等研究了Li_(1+x)V_3O_8钒青铜的电化学性能得出,当Li浓度高时,由于电子定域作用使电荷屏蔽效应     

硅杂六元环化合物的反应

硅杂六元环化合物在有机硅化学中是一类重要的小分子环系化合物,广泛应用于有机化学、高分子化学、金属有机化学以及材料化学等领域。本文综述了环上只含有一个硅原子的硅杂六元环化合物的反应,介绍了硅原子上取代基的反应、立体选择性合成、硅原子α位碳原子上的反应、插入反应、环加成反应、Si—C键的切断反应、硅杂苯衍生物合成以及金属配位反应等,并展望了硅杂六元环化合物反应化学的发展方向。     

(NH_4)_2SiF_6预处理改善SBA-15介孔材料的水热稳定性

(NH4)2SiF6 预处理可对 SBA-15 介孔材料的表面缺陷进行补硅修正以及表面疏水化, 从而明显改善 SBA-15 材料的水热稳定性. 结果表明, 用摩尔分数为 5% 的 (NH4)2SiF6 水溶液, 按引入 1% 的 SiO2 计量对 SBA-15 进行处理后, 其水热稳定性明显改善, 在 100 ?C 沸水中处理 14 d, 或在 800 ?C 下用 100% 水蒸气处理 12 h 后, 均保持较好的介观有序度、形貌及六方孔道结构, 比表面积分别高达 310 和 213 m2/g, 但 (NH4)2SiF6 处理量过高, SBA-15 水热稳定性反而下降.     

微液滴在仿蛛丝结构TiO2纤维表面的定向运动与粘附

制备了具有响应性的仿蛛丝周期纺锤节TiO₂纤维。通过改变纤维表面微观结构、紫外光照和超声波等手段,仿蛛丝结构TiO₂纤维表面浸润性会发生响应性变化。纤维表面的这种浸润性变化,不仅实现了水滴从纺锤节两端到中心处的定向运动,而且可以使得水滴被纤维纺锤节粘附。当仿蛛丝结构TiO₂纤维表面为亲水状态时,无论纺锤节光滑还是粗糙,水都是从纺锤节两端向中心方向运动;当仿蛛丝TiO₂纤维表面疏水时,水滴会被具有粗糙表面的纺锤节两端粘附。     

郑州市城区悬铃木属(Platanus)树木的瘤突与环境

1996-2006年对郑州市城区悬铃木属(Platanus)树木瘤突进行了实地调查并记录了调查区段汽车过往数量.具瘤突的悬铃木属植株及其瘤突数量逐年上升,瘤突外露体积逐年增大.悬铃木属树木树干基部由地面向上1 m内,是环境汽车尾气致瘤外突的主要部位.事实表明,汽车尾气污染大气环境,致使城区环境日趋劣化,直接威胁着绿色植物的正常生长与人类健康.     

Prediction of sites under adaptive evolution in flavin-containing monooxygenases: Selection pattern revisited

Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), like cytochrome P450 (CYP), is a monooxygenase that uses the reducing equivalents of NADPH to reduce one atom of molecular oxygen to water, while the other atom is used to oxidize the substrate. Recently, it was shown that some CYP isoforms have been subject to positive selection. However, it is unknown whether the highly conserved phase I detoxification enzyme, FMO, has undergone similar positive Darwinian selection. We used maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution, evolutionary fingerprinting, and cross species comparison to investigate the occurrence of adaptive evolution in FMO sequences. We used recent genomic data from a range of species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. We present the evidence for the occurrence of adaptive evolution in mammalian FMO 3, 4, 5, and fugu FMOs but not in mammalian FMO 1, FMO 2, frog FMOs, other fish FMOs and invertebrate FMOs. The sites under adaptive evolution were significantly associated with the insertion domain in mammalian FMO 5. We identified specific amino acid sites in FMOs 3–5 that are likely targets for selection based on the patterns of parallel amino acid change. The most likely role of adaptive evolution is the repair of mutations that permitted optimal NADP+ binding and improved catalytic efficiency. The occurrence of positive selection during the evolution of phase I detoxification enzymes such as FMOs 3–5 and fugu FMO suggests the occurrence of both high selection pressure acting on species within their unique habitats and significant changes in intensity and direction (forms of xenobiotics and drugs) resulting from changes in microhabitat and food.     

SOFM神经网络最近插入法混合算法在TSP问题中应用研究

SOFM神经网络已经成功应用到TSP问题中，但是该算法存在一些缺点，随着学习速度逐步降低，会导致一些城市无法通过。针对这些缺点，尝试在SOFM神经网络中引入最近插入法形成混合算法。通过实验，并与SOFM神经网络该算法对比，结果表明，该算法能够很好地完善该问题。