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971.
Ultra‐trace level determination of diquat and paraquat residues in surface and drinking water using ion‐pair liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: A comparison of direct injection and solid‐phase extraction methods 下载免费PDF全文
Jin‐Aa Oh Jun‐Bae Lee Soo‐Hyung Lee Ho‐Sang Shin 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(20):2900-2910
Direct injection and solid‐phase extraction methods for the determination of diquat and paraquat in surface and drinking water were developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The signal intensities of analytes based on six ion‐pairing reagents were compared with each other, and 12.5 mM nonafluoropentanoic acid was selected as the best suited amongst them. A clean‐up method was developed using Oasis hydrophilic–lipophilic balance; this was compared to the direct injection method, with respect to limits of detection, interference, precision, and accuracy. Limits of quantification of diquat and paraquat were 0.03 and 0.01 μg/L using the direct injection method, and 0.002 and 0.001 μg/L using the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance method. When the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance method was used to analyze target compounds in 114 surface water and 30 drinking water samples, paraquat and diquat were detected within a concentration range of 0.001–0.12 and 0.002–0.038 μg/L in surface water, respectively. When the direct injection method was used to analyze target compounds in the same samples, the detected concentrations of paraquat and diquat were within 25% in samples being >0.015 μg/L using the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance method. The liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method using direct injection can thus be used for routine monitoring of paraquat and diquat in surface and drinking water. 相似文献
972.
Peipei Qi Xiangyun Wang Xinquan Wang Hu Zhang Hao Xu Kezhi Jiang Qiang Wang 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(20):2955-2965
The computer‐assisted design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for the simultaneous capture of six carbamate pesticides from environmental water are reported in this work. The quantum mechanical computational approach was employed to design the molecularly imprinted polymers with carbofuran as template. The interaction energies between the template molecule and different functional monomers in various solvents were calculated to assist in the selection of the functional monomer and porogen. The optimised molecularly imprinted polymer was subsequently used as a class‐selective sorbent in solid‐phase extraction for pre‐concentration and determination of carbamates from environmental water. The parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of the molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction procedure were systematically investigated to facilitate the class‐selective extraction. For the proposed method, linearity was observed over the range of 2–500 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9760 to 1.000. The limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 4 ng/mL. These results confirm that computer‐assisted design is an effective evaluation tool for molecularly imprinted polymers synthesis, and that molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction can be applied to the simultaneous analysis of carbamates in environmental water. 相似文献
973.
《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2014,17(7-8):687-700
The influence of the presence of H2O on the contact between carbon, used as model soot, and a model four-way catalyst (1% Pt–10% BaO/Al2O3) was investigated. NOx adsorption/TPD cycles at 300 °C together with XRD, XPS and DRIFTS characterizations showed that only surface nitrate species are destabilized by the carbon present in the catalytic bed, leading to a decrease of the NOx storage capacity and carbonate species formation. In another way, injection of water in the reactive gas flow decreases also the NOx storage capacity of the catalyst, but promotes the formation of stable nitrate species. A non-cumulative effect of carbon and water was observed. It was proposed that a competition between the destabilization, by carbon, of weakly bonded surface nitrate species and the enhancement of bulk nitrate species formation in the presence of water occurs. 相似文献
974.
对限制在两个光滑的疏水板间的水进行了分子动力学模拟,观察到了两种晶体结构,都满足冰规则.在1GPa的压强和1.0nm的板间距下获得的新的冰相是平坦的六边形-四边形三层冰.在此结构中,靠近板的两层(外层)中的水分子形成六边形环,中间层的水分子形成四边形环.对于外层的水分子,其四个氢键中的三个在同一层中,另一个氢键与中间层连接.对于中间层的水分子,四个氢键中的两个在同。层中,而另外两个氢键与两个不同的外层相连.虽然三层的形状不同,但其面密度却接近相等.另一种结构是在0.8nm的板问距和100MPa的侧向压下获得的平坦的六边形双层冰.模拟中的相变既有一阶相变,也有连续相变. 相似文献
975.
Sampling frequency is an important factor to be considered during the design of a water monitoring network,and the cost-effective selection of possible ways and means for the optimization of sampling frequency is still needed.This paper introduces water pollution index deviation ratio comparison(WPI DRC),a procedure for the optimization of sampling frequency for a routine river water quality monitoring system.Sampling frequency optimized using WPI DRC at monitoring station X5 in the mainstream of Xiangjiang River is compared with that established using the traditional Statistical Algorithm method.The result of comparison indicates that WPI DRC is more feasible than the traditional one.And then,the sampling frequencies for other 16 monitoring stations also have been optimized,and the results show the sampling frequencies of all the stations except that X4 are reduced,and there is no unacceptable difference between water quality evaluation results at 17 stations before and after the optimization.Therefore,it is concluded that WPI DRC is an effective optimization process with operable results,which can be used to fulfill the requirement of practical monitoring work. 相似文献
976.
Development of highly functional cesium selective adsorbents for the decontamination of high-activity-level water(HALW) from the Fukushima NPP-1 accident is very urgent. In order to selectively adsorb the radioactive cesium, three kinds of novel porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides(SLFC) were prepared using a successive impregnation/precipitation method. Based on the results of previous research, the SLFC composites have relatively large uptake ratio above 95%, distribution coefficients(Kd) above 103 cm3/g, and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The solidification results also indicate that zeolites have an excellent Cs immobilization characteristic, gas-trapping and self-sintering abilities, and low leachability. We chose three kinds of SLFC composites to achieve the optimization of solidification by mixing with nine kinds of additives at high temperatures(up to 1200 °C). The Cs contents in the three composites were estimated to be below 30% of the initial contents and decreased with the three stages at calcination temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C. By contrast, the Cs immobilization ratio was markedly lowered by mixing with additives: of those, allophane had the best immobilization result. By increasing the additive ratio to 50 wt%, the Cs immobilization ratio became almost 100% and no volatilization of Cs was detected even after calcination at 1200 °C. This result indicates that calcination of the mixture of SLFC composites after adsorbing Cs+ ions and specific additives under appropriate ratio is effective for stable solidification. 相似文献
977.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Generation of H2 by Nanocomposites of Few‐Layer TiS2 and TaS2 with CdS Nanoparticles 下载免费PDF全文
Uttam Gupta Bolla Govinda Rao Urmimala Maitra Dr. B. E. Prasad Prof. C. N. R. Rao 《化学:亚洲杂志》2014,9(5):1311-1315
Graphene analogues of TaS2 and TiS2 (3–4 layers), prepared by Li intercalation followed by exfoliation in water, were characterized. Nanocomposites of CdS with few‐layer TiS2 and TaS2 were employed for the visible‐light‐induced H2 evolution reaction (HER). Benzyl alcohol was used as the sacrificial electron donor, which was oxidized to benzaldehyde during the reaction. Few‐layer TiS2 is a semiconductor with a band gap of 0.7 eV, and its nanocomposite with CdS showed an activity of 1000 μmol h?1 g?1. The nanocomposite of few‐layer TaS2, in contrast, gave rise to higher activity of 2320 μmol h?1 g?1, which was attributed to the metallic nature of few‐layer TaS2. The amount of hydrogen evolved after 20 and 16 h for the CdS/TiS2 and CdS/TaS2 nanocomposites was 14833 and 28132 μmol, respectively, with turnover frequencies of 0.24 and 0.57 h?1, respectively. 相似文献
978.
《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2014,23(2):179-184
Facile deposition of a water-splitting catalyst on low-cost electrode materials could be attractive for hydrogen production from water and solar energy conversion. Herein we describe fast electrodeposition of cobalt-based water oxidation catalyst(Co-WOC) on simple graphite electrode for water splitting. The deposition process is quite fast, which reaches a plateau in less than 75 min and the final current density is~1.8 mA/cm2under the applied potential of 1.31 V at pH = 7.0. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) study shows the formation of nanometer-sized particles(10-100 nm) on the surface of the electrode after only 2 min and micrometer-sized particles(2-5 μm) after 90 min of electrolysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) data demonstrate the as-synthesized ex-situ catalyst mainly contains Co2+and Co3+species incorporating a substantial amount of phosphate anions. These experiments suggest that cost-efficient cobalt oxide materials on graphite exhibit alluring ability for water splitting, which might provide a novel method to fabricate low-cost devices for electrochemical energy storage. 相似文献
979.
980.