Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in cave drip waters and their responses to environment changes: Four cave systems as an example in Guizhou Province,China

Understanding the responses of fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters to modern environment and climate changes is key to the reconstructions of environmental and climatic changes using fluorescence spectral characteristics of speleothems. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in four active cave systems were analyzed with a three-dimensional （3D） fluorescence spectral analysis method. We found that the fluorescence types of DOC were mainly of fulvic-like and protein-like fluorescences, both in soil waters and cave drip waters. The intensity of fulvic-like fluorescence was positively correlated with the concentrations of DOC, suggesting that the DOC of cave drip waters was derived from the overlying soil layer of a cave system. Compared with the other cave systems, the variation range of the excitation and emission wavelengths for fulvic-like fluorescence of cave drip waters in Liangfeng cave system that had forest vegetation was smaller and the excitation wavelength was longer, while its fluorescence intensity varied significantly. By contrast, the excitation and emission wavelengths and fluorescence intensity for that in Jiangjun cave system that had a scrub and tussock vegetation showed the most significant variation, while its excitation wavelength was shorter. This implies that the variation of vegetation overlying a cave appears to be a factor affecting the fluorescence spectral characteristics of cave drip waters.     

快速城市化条件下地下水开发的环境效应研究

赋存于寒武系和奥陶系灰岩中的岩溶水是徐州市的主要供水水源.1978年以来,随着经济的发展和快速城市化,市区岩溶地下水开采量逐年增加;而且城市西北郊煤矿的开采疏排水活动也导致大量的地下水流失.上述两种作用导致徐州市岩溶地下水位的持续下降,降落漏斗面积逐年增加,增强了地下水系统的脆弱性,诱发了诸如局部水资源枯竭、水质恶化、地下水污染和岩溶塌陷等一系列环境问题.这些环境问题具有系统性和连锁性的特征,已严重影响了城市的发展质量,增加了城市供水的风险.根据各个环境要素演化关系,本文建立了城市化条件下地下水开发的环境效应概念模型,并提出了岩溶地下水保护的措施建议.     

喀斯特山区环境耗散结构演化与生态重建策略探讨

喀斯特(Karst)环境的特点是其生态环境的脆弱性,长期以来人们过于注重从改造自然的角度来重建喀斯特生态,但远未达到预期效果.喀斯特石漠化即是喀斯特山区环境耗散结构的退化,其重要原因是喀斯特山区由于地形上的天然屏障和山区人民特别是少数民族的自我封闭性双重作用,形成地理空间上的“社会孤岛“效应,导致山区环境耗散结构和生态功能退化.本文从理论角度探讨了区域环境耗散结构形成的基本条件,喀斯特山区环境耗散结构的层次结构和演化过程,指出当前喀斯特山区石漠化治理和生态重建的主要问题在于其社会人文系统的封闭性,提出了疏导对外交流网络,引入外界负熵流的喀斯特山区石漠化治理与生态重建的人文调控策略.     

贵州羊昌河夏季PFU岩溶水生原生动物群落生态研究

采用PFU法,于2004年夏季采集贵州羊昌河岩溶水生原生动物群落。生物样和水样进行室内岩溶水生原生动物培养、分离和鉴定,研究羊昌河岩溶水生原生动物群落的组成、功能营养类群及其生态类群特征。结果得出,羊昌河岩溶水生原生动物群落物种组成含17目33属36种;该岩溶水生原生动物群落含5个功能营养群,其中,光合营养群含有3个种,占总数的8.33%,细菌碎屑取食者群含有19个种,占总数的52.78%,食藻者类群含有11个种,占总数的30.56%,非选择性杂食者群含有1个种,占总数的2.78%,食肉者群含有2个种,占总数的5.56%;该岩溶水生原生动物群落的Maglaef多样性指数和异养性指数,分别是3.52和103。     

岩溶地区断层对建筑场地地基稳定性影响探讨

在我国西南地区,地质构造复杂,以碳酸岩为主的地层岩溶地貌发育。在该区进行工程建设时,鉴于断层通过区建筑场地复杂的地质环境与不良工程地质条,本文提出断层对场地地基稳定性影响的评价体系,并结合理论与规范对该评价体系进行阐述。     

一种新型红色夹泥成因机制的工程地质分析

以湖北某水电站坝肩岩体内发现的大量红色夹泥为例,以红色夹泥的矿物成分和化学成分分析结果以及物理性质测试结果为基础,结合现场调查资料,从构造、正常风化卸荷、斜坡变形、喀斯特垮塌等方面入手,综合分析得出了红色夹泥的成因是:红色夹泥是由于层状岩体中小型层状溶洞顶板岩体坍塌,造成围岩变形、拉裂,后期地下水携带泥质物充填形成.     

Using stable isotopes and major ions to identify hydrological processes and geochemical characteristics in a typical karstic basin,Guizhou, southwest China

The investigation of hydrological processes is very important for water resource development in karst basins. In order to understand these processes associated with complex hydrogeochemical evolution, a typical basin was chosen in Houzai, southwest China. The basin was hydrogeologically classified into three zones based on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes as well as the field surveys. Isotopic values were found to be enriched in zone 2 where paddy fields were prevailing with well-developed underground flow systems, and heavier than those in zone 1. Zone 3 was considered as the mixture of zones 1 and 2 with isotopic values falling in the range between the two zones. A conceptual hydrological model was thus proposed to reveal the probable hydrological cycle in the basin. In addition, major processes of long-term chemical weathering in the karstic basin were discussed, and reactions between water and carbonate rocks proved to be the main geochemical processes in karst aquifers.     

喀斯特山区环保型公路隧道方案设计与力学分析

本文基于环境保护前提条件下,重点对公路隧道洞口段进行新型结构的开发研究,提出了4种方案,同时进行了力学分析和综合比选,得出了方案D为最优方案,但是对其受力特征、主体结构参数以及合理的施工方法还需要进一步专题研究.     

贵州生态退化区域稻田节水控制灌溉试验研究

2009～2010年国家科技支撑和省长基金项目研究人员和毕节市有关研究人员、当地农户三结合,在喀斯特高原生态退化脆弱地区石桥小流域进行水稻的节水灌溉、常规灌溉、湿润灌溉3种方式的灌溉研究,分析比较,得出节水灌溉的优化灌溉模式,即：湿润灌溉模式产量最高,节水大、水分生产率最大,水分生产效益最高,为生态退化脆弱区域的农业节...     

西南省区创新型企业形成因素分析：以贵州为例

创新型企业是区域经济发展的重要推动力量。在回顾相关文献的基础上,概括了西南喀斯特山地省区贵州区域创新的宏观背景,分析了贵州创新型企业的发展现状,总结了贵州创新型企业形成过程中的历史原因、自然因素。并结合贵州“欠发达、欠开发”的具体省情,提出了整合省内产业资源、提高资源利用效率、构建技术创新联盟、实施产业链创新的内生式发展战略。