Selected electrochemical properties of Pd–Au alloys: hydrogen absorption and surface oxidation

Hydrogen absorption into and surface oxidation of Pd–Au alloys in acidic solutions were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) coupled with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The influence of alloy bulk and surface composition on the process of oxidation of absorbed hydrogen was examined. The stresses induced by hydrogen insertion in Pd–Au alloys were compared with the case of pure Pd. The potential corresponding to the formation of a monolayer of surface oxide was determined for Pd–Au alloys of different surface states. Electrochemical dissolution of Pd–Au alloys was investigated.     

硅胶中微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了硅胶中微量元素Cu、Fe、K、Na、Mg的含量,对硅胶中的微量元素Cu、Fe、K、Na、Mg进行了溶出研究。结果表明,硅胶中微量元素的含量由高到低依次为Na,K,Fe,Mg,Cu;硅胶中微量元素的溶出率由高到低Cu,Fe,Mg,Na,K,硅胶吸附剂中的Cu最易溶出,K最难溶出;测定方法的回收率在93．3％～99．6％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于1．0％。方法简便易行,重现性好,具有较高的精确度和精密度,适用于硅胶吸附剂中微量元素Cu、Fe、K、Na、Mg的测定。     

Kinetics study on the dissolution of UO<Subscript>2</Subscript> particles by microwave and conventional heating in 4 mol/L nitric acid

The dissolution of UO₂ particles in 4 mol·L⁻¹ nitric acid medium at temperatures of 90–110°C by microwave heating and conventional heating has been investigated, respectively. It is found that the dissolution ratios of UO₂ particles by microwave heating were 10%–40% higher than that by conventional heating. Kinetics research shows that the dissolution of UO₂ particles in 4 mol·L⁻¹ nitric acid is controlled by the diffusion control model for microwave heating and by the surface reaction control model for conventional heating. The diffusion control model for the dissolution of UO₂ particles by microwave heating could be explained by the diffuseness on the surface of UO₂ particles.     

盐卤硼酸盐化学——ⅩⅤ.氯柱硼镁石在30℃水中的溶解和相转化过程

对氯柱硼镁石(2MgO·2B_2O_3·MgCl_2·14H_2O)在30℃时水中溶解和相转化过程的研究结果表明,该复盐在水中呈现不同步溶解.首先溶脱掉MgCl_2·6H_2O,生成中间产物MgO·B_2O_3·4H_2O.随后发生转化,最终结晶产物是多水硼镁石.在给出溶解转化结晶动力学方程的基础上提出溶解转化结晶反应机制.     

Dissolution of rubbery and glassy polymers

A mathematical model is formulated for solvent dissolution of rubbery and glassy polymers. An exact solution to the problem is derived for the constant diffusivity case, and a weighted residual solution is developed for the case of a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient. The solution is used to calculate concentration profiles, dissolution curves, dissolution half-times, and pseudointerface positions at various times. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2607–2614, 1998     

线状铜电极在磷酸溶液中电流混沌振荡的同步行为

研究了恒电位下两个铜线电极在磷酸溶液中的电流混沌振荡行为,通过恒定不同的电位数值,改变单个电极的电流振荡混沌行为,研究了不同混沌间的相互作用.调整线电极间的距离,研究了电极间距对电流振荡行为的影响.实验中两电极的振荡间呈现了复杂的耦合作用,耦合后的频率与耦合前电极原有的频率不同.两电极的混沌电流振荡中呈现出同步、准周期同步和反相同步等现象.电极距离一定时,振荡波形差别很大的两电极的电流容易呈现反相同步和准周期同步,波形差别不大时容易产生同步.强的耦合导致电极间电流振荡的同步,电极距离的加大,电极间电流振荡难以产生同步.对耦合作用机制也进行了探讨.     

水杨醛-1H-苯并三唑乙酰腙与RE（Ⅲ）配合物的热化学

在甲醇中，合成了6种稀土与水杨醛-1H-苯并三唑乙酰腙(C15H13N5O2，简称SBTH)的新配合物RE(HL)2ClO4(RE=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu，Gd，Tb；HL=C15H13N5O2)，并对其进行了元素分析、摩尔电导率、瓜和1^H NMR的测定，确定了其组成．通过TG-DTG、DSC研究了配合物的热分解过程，得到了各配合物的分解焓，利用Kissinger。法及Ozawa法计算出各配合物主要分解阶段的表观活化能，测量了该系列配合物在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中不同浓度时的溶解焓．     

快速测定铬铁矿中铬的溶样方法研究

根据对硫酸高温（～330 ℃）湿烧铬铁矿反应过程原理的应用研究,改进了测定铬铁矿中铬的溶样方法。试样与硫酸共热（2000 W电炉）至冒三氧化硫浓烟,并腾空>6 min,然后与磷酸共热,再腾空至杯壁近2/3处时冷却、稀释、氧化、常法测定铬量。所推荐的测定铬铁矿中铬的改进型的溶样方法模式,经标准物质和管理样验证(RSD=0.15%～0.18%,n=10)以及生产样品测试数据对比等,均获满意结果。     

两种不同还原性次烟煤可溶有机质分子组成差异

本研究首先利用等体积二硫化碳/丙酮溶剂对弱还原性淖毛湖次烟煤（NS）和强还原性不连沟次烟煤（BS）进行萃取得到萃取物和萃余物（ERs）,再利用环己烷和甲醇对ERs进行连续热溶得到热溶物（SPs）。NS和BS的萃取物产率分别为10.6%和8.0%,在300℃下NS和BS热溶物的总收率分别为36.3%和11.5%,这说明NS中存在更多可溶有机质。NS和BS萃取物中化合物均以芳烃为主。与BS相比,NS热溶物中脂肪烃和酚类的相对含量明显较高,萃取物中化合物的相对分子量分布范围较宽,而热溶物中化合物的相对分子量分布范围较窄。     

Low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (low‐energy CID), collision‐induced dissociation (CID), and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) mass spectrometry for structural elucidation of saccharides and clarification of their dissolution mechanism in DMAc/LiCl

The dissolution mechanism of oligosaccharides in N,N‐dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl), a solvent used for cellulose dissolution, and the capabilities of low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (low‐energy CID), collision‐induced dissociation (CID), and higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) for structural analysis of carbohydrates were investigated. Comparing the spectra obtained using 3 techniques shows that, generally, when working with monolithiated sugars, CID spectra provide more structurally informative fragments, and glycosidic bond cleavage is the main pathway. However, when working with dilithiated sugars, HCD spectra can be more informative providing predominately cross‐ring cleavage fragments. This is because HCD is a nonresonant activation technique, and it allows a higher amount of energy to be deposited in a short time, giving access to more endothermic decomposition pathways as well as consecutive fragmentations. The difference in preferred dissociation pathways of monolithiated and dilithiated sugars indicates that the presence of the second lithium strongly influences the relative rate constants for cross‐ring cleavages vs glycosidic bond cleavages, and disfavors the latter. Regarding the dissolution mechanism of sugars in DMAc/LiCl, CID and HCD experiments on dilithiated and trilithiated sugars reveal that intensities of product ions containing 2 Li⁺ or 3 Li⁺, respectively, are higher than those bearing only 1 Li⁺. In addition, comparing the fragmentation spectra (both HCD and CID) of LiCl‐adducted lithiated sugar and NaCl‐adducted sodiated sugar shows that while, in the latter case, loss of NaCl is dominant, in the former case, loss of HCl occurs preferentially. The compiled evidence implies that there is a strong and direct interaction between lithium and the saccharide during the dissolution process in the DMAc/LiCl solvent system.