气动机械手关节结构设计

为了使气动机械手的运动动作更加灵活,分别对其肩关节和肘关节的结构及其参数进行了设计.肩关节包括：第一肩关节、第二肩关节和第三肩关节,肘关节由虎克铰组成.但要实现其运动,还需控制系统和传动系统的辅助.     

Au／MgO（001）界面上Au原子与点缺陷相互作用的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,系统地研究了Au／MgO（001）界面中8种晶格匹配方式的电子结构和化学键特征．界面处原子间距、界面能以及电子密度分布显示不同点缺陷与Au原子层相互作用的微观机制存在明显差异,并且界面体系稳定性和Au原子生长模式与界面原子排列方式密切相关．     

脑-机接口中小波和小波包方差的特征比较

针对两种不同意识任务的脑-机接口设计,提出了以方差作为特征的方法和以分类速率作为评价标准之一的新方法.首先深入研究了小波理论,分析了小波包分解中存在的频带交错现象,然后以小波系数和小波包系数的方差作为特征,对C3,C4导联脑电信号分别进行两种特征的提取,最后采用线性支持向量机作为分类器进行分类.结果表明,两种特征对应的最大分类正确率均达到了86.43%,对应时间分别为4.32和4.31 s.因此,以小波方差和小波包方差作为特征是完全可取的;分类速率的提出能同时反映分类正确率和分类时间,为大脑意识任务分类提供了新思路.     

焊接变形的预防与控制

简述了焊接变形的预防与控制问题,重点介绍了反变形法的使用,指出只要采取适当的焊接方法,掌握好焊缝的收缩量,加强现场管理,就可预防与控制焊接变形。     

乔姆斯基之《论语段》解读

Chomsky的新作《论语段》（On Phases）旨在改进语段理论,可分为理论回顾、强式最简命题与两个接口、合并、语段等四个部分。本文评介其主要内容,以期反映语段理论的最新进展。     

平面应变条件下锚固类结构第二交结面黏结应力分布

为从理论上获得锚固类结构内锚固段注浆体第二交结面上的黏结应力分布规律,首先建立平面应变条件下锚固类结构拉拔理论模型,然后假设交结面上的应力函数Φi=fi(w)×gi(z),通过引入应力平衡方程和边界条件得到交结面黏结应力与中间变量ga(z)和τ2(z)/τ1(z)有关,最后基于假定两个交结面上的黏结应力比τ2(z)/τ1(z)以及最小能量原理推导出锚索、注浆体和周边介质之间的黏结应力.     

矩形毛细微槽横截面上气液分界面形状理论分析

对背面有热流输入的矩形毛细微槽群横截面上的气液分界面形状进行了理论分析,在一定条件下对Wayner蒸发模型进行简化,根据等壁温条件推出蒸发薄液膜区域热流密度近似为定值,通过流体动力学理论推导出了微槽横截面薄液膜区域液膜厚度变化的关系式,并与Wayner蒸发模型的计算结果进行了比较。进一步提出了全新的交界线区域长度的判定方法,根据蒸发薄液膜区域总换热量计算得到蒸发薄液膜区域的长度,交界处接触角,以及固有弯月面区域的曲率半径,从而最终得出了微槽横截面整个气液分界面的形状曲线,理论分析表明:槽宽、热流密度、过热度等因素对蒸发薄液膜区域长度、接触角以及固有弯月面曲率半径等参数有较大的影响。     

In vivo high‐resolution synchrotron radiation imaging of collagen‐induced arthritis in a rodent model

In vivo microstructures of the affected feet of collagen‐induced arthritic (CIA) mice were examined using a high‐resolution synchrotron radiation (SR) X‐ray refraction technique with a polychromatic beam issued from a bending magnet. The CIA models were obtained from six‐week‐old DBA/1J mice that were immunized with bovine type II collagen and grouped as grades 0–3 according to a clinical scoring for the severity of arthritis. An X‐ray shadow of a specimen was converted into a visual image on the surface of a CdWO₄ scintillator that was magnified using a microscopic objective lens before being captured with a digital charge‐coupled‐device camera. Various changes in the joint microstructure, including cartilage destruction, periosteal born formation, articular bone thinning and erosion, marrow invasion by pannus progression, and widening joint space, were clearly identified at each level of arthritis severity with an equivalent pixel size of 2.7 µm. These high‐resolution features of destruction in the CIA models have not previously been available from any other conventional imaging modalities except histological light microscopy. However, thickening of the synovial membrane was not resolved in composite images by the SR refraction imaging method. In conclusion, in vivo SR X‐ray microscopic imaging may have potential as a diagnostic tool in small animals that does not require a histochemical preparation stage in examining microstructural changes in joints affected with arthritis. The findings from the SR images are comparable with standard histopathology findings.     

Numerical method for solving matrix coefficient elliptic equation with sharp-edged interfaces

Solving elliptic equations with sharp-edged interfaces is a challenging problem for most existing methods, especially when the solution is highly oscillatory. Nonetheless, it has wide applications in engineering and science. An accurate and efficient method is desired. We propose an efficient non-traditional finite element method with non-body-fitting grids to solve the matrix coefficient elliptic equations with sharp-edged interfaces. Extensive numerical experiments show that this method is second order accurate in the L^∞ norm and that it can handle both sharp-edged interface and oscillatory solutions.     

Direct observation of surface and internal phase-separated structure of the active layer buried in organic photovoltaic cells

A phase-separated structure of the active layer, of variable thickness, buried in organic thin film solar cells (OTSC) was directly observed by scanning force microscopy (SFM) with the aid of a surface and interface cutting analysis system (SAICAS). This deals with SFM observation to both the surface and the internal regions of the OTSCs, leading to discussion about the formation of the overlayer in the active layer.