安尔碘冲洗消毒根管即刻充填疗效观察

目的：评价安尔碘冲洗消毒根管，即刻根充的临床效果。方法：131颗需做根管治疗的患牙，随机分为2组。试验组用0．2％安尔碘消毒根管，对照组用3％双氧水和生理盐水联合冲洗根管并用甲酚甲醛液（FC）消毒根管。结果统计分析显示，总有效率两组均无显著性差异，临床症状改善方面实验组优于对照组。结论：安尔碘可以作为一次性根管治疗冲洗及消毒用药。     

大同新荣区节水工程分析及综合评价

对山西省大同市新荣区节水工程进行了投资及年运行费用及产生效益的计算,对该项目进行了国民经济评价、财务评价与敏感性分析,认为该工程的实施将时该区乃至大同全市节水工程的开展起到样板示范作用,也可为该区的经济腾飞提供巨大的活力.     

建立农民用水合作组织 加强灌区田间工程管理

探讨了农民用水合作组织——斗渠管理委员会建立的必要性,阐述了斗渠管理委员会的运作情况。     

棉花优化灌溉制度基本参数的确定

根据山西省多年的灌溉试验资料和研究成果,确定了棉花优化灌溉制度的基本参数。     

禹门口灌区工程渠线的选择方法

根据在禹门口灌区的渠道踏勘选线,总结渠道经过平原、丘陵和山区等不同地区时选线与布置方法。     

Analysis of lettuce evapotranspiration across soil water

In this study, we evaluated the lettuce accumulated evapotranspiration (ET) across four levels of irrigation, using a nonlinear mixed‐effects model. The plants were grown in protected environments and monitored over 23 consecutive days. When the moisture of the substrate in the vessels reached 50% of their maximum retention capacity, the water levels were elevated according to four treatments: , , , and . The model appeared to provide a good fit to the data and showed that the estimates of the maximum amount of accumulated ET were similar for the three treatments with soil water deficit and lower for . The results of the study supported the idea that optimization of the ET of lettuce plants could be achieved through irrigation with deficit, also indicating that the economical use of water was the most efficient way to boost agricultural production. Recommendations for resource managers

• The continued growth of the world population will result in a decrease of quality and availability of water and also an increase in demand for food. Therefore, sustainability will depend on high agricultural productivity with rational use of water.
• Considered the most efficient technology for boosting agricultural productivity, irrigation is also the largest water consumer in the world. With any kind of irrigation in the vegetable production area, the water intake for the plants must be treated with great caution.
• Both a lack or excess in water can decrease plant productivity. The amount of water available in the soil should be enough to maximize production. It is shown that high levels of irrigation are not necessary for this.
• It is important to balance the amount of irrigated water for an optimal level, in order that the production has its the production is maximized and valuable water resources are not wasted.

     

Fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filtering in the control of irrigation canals

A fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filtering methodology was developed for the automatic control of an irrigation canal system under unknown disturbances (water withdrawals) acting in the canal. Using a linearized finite difference model of open channel flow, the canal operation problem was formulated as an optimal control problem and an algorithm for gate opening in the presence of arbitrary external disturbances (changes in flow rates) was derived. Based on the linear optimal control theory, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR), assuming all the state variables (flow depths and flow rates) were available, was designed to generate control input (optimal gate opening). As it was expensive to measure all the state variables (flow rates and flow depths) in a canal system, a fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter and traditional Kalman filter were designed to estimate the values for the state variables that were not measured but were needed in the feedback loop. The performances of the state estimators designed using the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter methodology and the traditional Kalman filtering technique were compared with the results obtained using the LQR (target loop function). The results of the present study indicated that the performance of the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter was far superior to the performance of the observer design based upon the traditional Kalman filter approach. The obvious advantages of the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter were the prevention of filter divergence and ease of implementation. As the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter requires smaller number of state variables for the acceptable accuracy therefore, it would need less computational effort in the control of irrigation canals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高平市灌溉现状及发展规划落实情况初探

结合高平市灌溉发展总体规划,介绍了高平市工程设施、工程效益、灌溉基础设施等灌溉现状,细致分析了高平市水源工程建设、灌排工程规划等灌溉发展情况.     

冬灌夏用、夏灌冬用在水源热泵系统中的应用

详细分析了该回灌方式对地源热泵机组运行情况的影响，为类似系统设计提供了有效数据和资料，便于优化设计，降低一次投资。     

安徽省农业节水灌溉模式研究

合理制定和选择农业节水灌溉模式,有利于节水灌溉事业发展.文章根据安徽省水土资源特征、地形地貌特点以及各种节水措施的适用条件,有针对性地提出了5种农业节水灌溉模式,探讨了各种节水灌溉模式的内涵、适用性及模式内容,应用模糊综合评判方法建立了节水灌溉模式选择数学模型,并作了实例分析.