Critical ray-like propagation modes along graded-index planar optical waveguides

Graded-index planar optical waveguides and surface compression layers were formed simultaneously in the surface layer of glass plates by ion exchange. A change in the refractometer patterns was observed. Before ion exchange, only a critical ray fringe was observed, but with ion exchange a guided wave fringe appeared on the high effective refractive index side of the ‘critical ray’ fringe, and the number of guided wave fringes increased. The guided wave fringe or fringes were birefringent, whereas the ‘critical ray’ fringe was kept nonbirefringent. It was concluded that the ‘critical ray’ propagated along the bottom of a waveguide, ie at the foot of the refractive index distribution.     

Fabrication of Spot Size Converters for Optical Chemical Sensors by Distributed-Field-Assisted Ion-Exchange

We propose a new method for fabricating optical waveguides with nonuniform thickness by controlling the electrical field distribution during the field-assisted ion-exchange. We refer to this method as distributed-fild-assisted ion-exchange. The distribution of the intensity of the electrical field was simulated for different electrode configurations, and was compared with experimental diffusion depth distribution of K⁺—Na⁺ exchange in sodalime slide glass. A unique bath was designed for the distributed-field-assisted ion-exchange. Using a three-electrode configuration, we obtained, for instance, a 2 cm-long spot size converter with thickness changes of from 12 μm to 2 μm. This technique can be used to fabricate waveguides for optical chemical sensors.On leave from State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080.     

Separation and purification of scandium: From industry to medicine

Scandium and its compounds are used in many modern industrial fields due to its unique chemical and physical properties. It is mainly recovered from residues and wastes in the production of other metals. The exploitation of the ores and wastes could contaminate water and soil creating environmental problems. This paper discusses recent developments and tendencies in scandium separation, purification and preconcentration from different wastes, residues, environmental samples as well as in the production of radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine, both in the laboratory and on the industrial scale. The period reviewed here mainly includes publications that have appeared, since 2010.     

椎1600新型高效铀水冶固定床离子交换装置概述

椎1600新型高效铀水冶固定床离子交换装置主要用于从铀矿石的浸出液中分离提取含铀化合物。该装置主要结构---离子交换塔底部的出液结构的使用,在保证液体顺畅流过的前提下,减少了离子交换树脂的磨损,防止了树脂的泄露,确保了树脂在两个塔间的转移。经现场试验,该装置独特的工作方式有效解决了原固定床树脂板结、中毒等难题,提高了生产效率和经济效益。     

Cu(Ⅰ)/SO42-/ZnO和Cu(Ⅰ)/S2O82-/ZnO催化剂的制备与表征

采用浸渍法对无定形ZnO分别用稀H2SO4和(NH4)2S2O8溶液处理, 制备了SO42-/ZnO和S2O82-/ZnO固体酸. 通过固体离子交换法制备了Cu(Ⅰ)/SO42-/ZnO和Cu(Ⅰ)/S2O82-/ZnO两种催化剂, 并采用XRD, FTIR, TPD和TPR等进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 用稀H2SO4和(NH4)2S2O8溶液分别浸渍处理无定形ZnO, 经过500-600 ℃高温焙烧后得到的SO42-/ZnO和S2O82-/ZnO固体酸表面形成了Zn3O(SO4)2物种; py-FTIR结果表明, 两者均具有B酸中心和L酸中心, 进一步的NH3-TPD研究结果证明, 制备的固体酸NH3脱附峰均出现在543 ℃附近, 属于高强度固体酸. 结构分析认为, 由于SO42-强烈的电子诱导作用, SO42-和ZnO形成的桥式配位物种产生了B酸中心和L酸中心, 而其螯合配位形成的物种没有酸性. SO42-/ZnO和S2O82-/ZnO固体酸与CuCl进行离子交换所制备的Cu(Ⅰ)/SO42-/ZnO和Cu(Ⅰ)/S2O82-/ZnO催化剂的Cu(Ⅰ)易于还原, 对甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)表现出较高的活性和选择性, DMC选择性为98.3%, 时空收率可达到1.9 g(g·h).     

铊玻璃自聚焦透镜边缘折射率分布的改进

本文用雅明干涉仪测定第一次离子交换后的径向折射率分布,边缘部分与理想分布有极大的偏差。在此基础上并进行了第二步高于交换,测定其边缘分布有进一步改进,同时,第二次成象比第一次有明显的改善。     

高效离子交换色谱法分析青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力epsD突变菌株的异质性

利用高效离子交换色谱（HPIEC）技术结合形态观察和胞外多糖（EPS）含量测定,比较分析青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD与强致病力出发菌株FJAT-91及自然致弱的无致病力菌株FJAT-1458的异质性。结果表明,菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD与菌株FJAT-91在菌落和菌体形态上均有明显差异,与菌株FJAT-1458的形态相似。胞外多糖含量测定结果表明,菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD的EPS含量（（12.64±1.46）μg/mL）显著低于菌株FJAT-91（（30.49±2.97）μg/mL）,与菌株FJAT-1458的EPS含量（（11.30±1.38）μg/mL）相当。高效离子交换色谱分离结果表明,菌株FJAT-91、FJAT-91⊿epsD和FJAT-1458形成的色谱峰个数和保留时间不同,菌株FJAT-91只有单一色谱峰P₃,保留时间为6.04 min;菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD有P₁和P₂两个色谱峰,保留时间分别为0.59 min和4.62 min;菌株FJAT-1458只有单一色谱峰P₁,保留时间为0.59 min。对不同色谱峰回收培养,并对回收培养后的菌株进行致病力鉴定。结果表明,番茄植株接种菌株FJAT-91-P₃后第4 d开始发病,第10 d发病率达100%;植株接种菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD-P₂后第9 d开始发病,第20 d发病率达100%;植株接种菌株FJAT-1458-P₁和菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD-P₁后,在观察期内均未发病。研究结果可为利用菌株FJAT-91⊿epsD防治作物青枯病提供理论依据。     

葎草花粉主要过敏原的分离鉴定与纯化

采用液氮研磨法提取葎草花粉粗蛋白,凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分离粗提液蛋白组分并测定各组分的相对分子质量,后经过离子交换层析法分离纯化几类主要的蛋白,再用westen blotting分别检测其与花粉过敏患者血清IgE结合情况,鉴定每种主要蛋白质致敏原的致敏性.分析了葎草花粉变应原成分及其变应原性、免疫原性,并鉴定主要过敏原的致敏性.SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果表明,广泛的分布于8～170 kDa之间有主带13条,次带10余条;westen blotting检测发现葎草花粉的致敏性较强,与花粉过敏患者血清IgE结合能力较高.离子交换层析出4种主要变应原蛋白,其相对分子质量分别为55,16,15和25 kDa,其中结合能力最强的是15 kDa处蛋白条带.葎草的主要过敏原为55,16,15和25 kDa蛋白质组分.