Worst Traffic Passing Virtual Frame Regulation: Analysis with Dynamic Programming

This paper studies a discrete-time queueing system in which the traffic regulation places an upper bound on the number of arrivals in each of the non-overlapping time windows (virtual frames) of a fixed length. The worst traffic passing through this traffic regulation is characterized. As a criterion for traffic comparison, this paper employs the weighted sum of queueing delays with the weighting factors decaying geometrically over the time horizon. This paper uses dynamic programming techniques and convexity argument to characterize the worst traffic.     

State space collapse with application to heavy traffic limits for multiclass queueing networks

Heavy traffic limits for multiclass queueing networks are a topic of continuing interest. Presently, the class of networks for which these limits have been rigorously derived is restricted. An important ingredient in such work is the demonstration of state space collapse. Here, we demonstrate state space collapse for two families of networks, first-in first-out (FIFO) queueing networks of Kelly type and head-of-the-line proportional processor sharing (HLPPS) queueing networks. We then apply our techniques to more general networks. To demonstrate state space collapse for FIFO networks of Kelly type and HLPPS networks, we employ law of large number estimates to show a form of compactness for appropriately scaled solutions. The limits of these solutions are next shown to satisfy fluid model equations corresponding to the above queueing networks. Results from Bramson [4,5] on the asymptotic behavior of these limits then imply state space collapse. The desired heavy traffic limits for FIFO networks of Kelly type and HLPPS networks follow from this and the general criteria set forth in the companion paper Williams [41]. State space collapse and the ensuing heavy traffic limits also hold for more general queueing networks, provided the solutions of their fluid model equations converge. Partial results are given for such networks, which include the static priority disciplines. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一种基于Q学习的单路口交通信号控制方法

利用Watkins(1989)提出的Q学习算法,基于不同相位的动态最小时间需求,并以相位通行需求时间为研究对象,以动态相位时间差为状态转换控制目标,建立了单路口交通信号控制的一种动态智能控制方法.计算机模拟仿真表明这种控制方法的好的控制效果.     

A Cellular Automaton Model for Heterogeneous and Incosistent Driver Behavior in Urban Traffic

In this paper a cellular automaton model is proposed to describe driver behavior at a single-lane urban roundabout. Driver behavior has been considered as heterogeneous and inconsistent. Most traffic papers in the literature just discussed heterogeneous driver behavior, to our best knowledge. Two truncated Gaussian distributions are used to model heterogeneous and inconsistent driver behavior, respectively. The physical meanings of two truncated distributions are indicated. This method may help enhance a better understanding of driver behavior at roundabout traffic, and even possibly provide references for roundabout design and management.     

Simulating the effect of acoustic treatment types for residential balconies with road traffic noise

Development of design guides to estimate the difference in speech interference level due to road traffic noise between a reference position and balcony position or façade position is explored. A previously established and validated theoretical model incorporating direct, specular and diffuse reflection paths is used to create a database of results across a large number of scenarios. Nine balcony types with variable acoustic treatments are assessed to provide acoustic design guidance on optimised selection of balcony acoustic treatments based on location and street type. In total, the results database contains 9720 scenarios on which multivariate linear regression is conducted in order to derive an appropriate design guide equation. The best fit regression derived is a multivariable linear equation including modified exponential equations on each of nine deciding variables, (1) diffraction path difference, (2) ratio of total specular energy to direct energy, (3) distance loss between reference position and receiver position, (4) distance from source to balcony façade, (5) height of balcony floor above street, (6) balcony depth, (7) height of opposite buildings, (8) diffusion coefficient of buildings and (9) balcony average absorption. Overall, the regression correlation coefficient, R², is 0.89 with 95% confidence standard error of ±3.4 dB.     

IP骨干网络流量控制系统分析及方案部署

从运营商对IP骨干网链路进行流量控制的需求出发,对深度包检测DPI和深度/动态流检测DFI两类主流IP骨干网流量控制系统解决方案从技术原理、部署方式、方案成本等方面进行了比较,并提出了不同解决方案的阶段性部署建议,为骨干运营商结合自身实际需求选择合适的流量控制技术提供了参考。     

应用EMD方法分析交通流量的动态特性

经验模态分解(EMD)方法是一种新型的数据分析方法.将EMD方法应用于交通网络流量分析,从空间上对网络交通流量进行研究,通过数学分析来探讨交通流量在网络条件下的动态特性,初步分析了在复杂的交通分布情况下不同路线长度的交通情况所产生的交通流量所占的比例,并寻找网络中的交通流量产生的主要线路以及关键节点.结果表明,在交通网络中,以相邻城市作为起始点的短距离交通所产生的交通流量占据了整个网络交通流量的主要部分.     

一种神经元网络控制器及仿真

该文给了了一种自适应神经元的控制方法,设计了神经元网络作为控制器的智能控制系统,给出了学习规则,在交流伺服系统中的仿真结果表明了此方法的有效性及优越性。     

机动车与非机动车、行人交通事故双方皆无过错时的责任划分浅析

新修正的《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》第76条未对机动车与非机动车、行人交通事故双方皆无过错时的责任划分作出规定,理论界对此观点各异,争议焦点主要在机动车是应该承担全部责任还是只承担10%的责任,亦或是双方承担公平责任。对此笔者观点趋向于由机动车承担全部责任这个观点。并从第76条的设计,机动车与非机动车驾驶人、行人事故的归责原则,侵权法的性质和作用三个方面进行论证。     

基于AHP的影响城市公交系统安全的危害分析及预防对策

公交系统安全的影响因素有很多,它不仅涉及到人-车辆-道路等系统因素,还受到外界环境和汽车运行相关安全装置以及道路安全等因素的影响,包括起来就是人的影响因素,车辆影响因素,道路影响因素,安全设施影响因素,安全管理影响因素,外界环境影响因素。基于层次分析法(Analytical Hierarchy Process,简称AHP法)的公交系统危险分析,是一种整理和综合人们主观判断并有效解决多因素多目标的规划问题。通过建立城市公交系统危险分析的AHP模型,计算城市公交系统的危险权重,确定相应的预防措施从而实现城市公交系统安全可靠运行。根据我国城市公交系统的现状及其特点,运用定性与定量结合的层次分析法(AHP)对影响城市公交系统的安全性的危险因素进行分析,并提出相应的安全对策和预防措施,可以为城市提高城市公交系统的安全性提供依据。