南美白对虾摄食、生长及存活与温度的关系

不同水温及水温渐变、突变对南美白虾的摄食、生长、存活以及胃蛋白酶的活力有一定的影响。在水温逐渐变化下,南美白对虾忍受的高温极限为41℃,低温极限为4℃,虽然南美白对虾对水温的适应性较广（6－39℃）,但其存活、摄食及生长的适宜水温为18－35℃,最适水温为30－33℃,水温18℃以下时,摄食量减少,存活率降低,水温9℃时侧卧,当水温为18－30℃,日温变化在6℃以内时,南美白对虾在48h内全部存活,且保持正常的摄食能力和较强的活力。     

四气门柴油机进气道布置的试验研究

为获得具有优良的流通特性和涡流特性的四气门柴油机进气道系统，在稳流气道试验台上，研究了进气道的布置对四气门柴油机进气道流动特性的影响，结果表明，气道布置角度的变化对流量系数影响不大，但对涡流比有较大影响，切向，螺旋气道由置角度的变化对组合涡流的影响，分别表现在小升程范围和中，大升程范围，前者比后者有更大的影响，组合气道涡流较单独气道开启时有较大降低，螺旋气道的涡流降低幅度远大于切向气道。     

Viscous flow in a mixed compression intake

Numerical simulation of the flow in a two‐dimensional mixed compression intake is carried out by solving unsteady viscous compressible equations using a stabilized finite element method. The effect of bleed in starting/unstarting of the intake and controlling the buzz instability is investigated in detail. Higher bleed leads to an increase in the ability of the intake to sustain larger back‐pressure for stable operation. The amount of bleed and its location is varied to understand its effect on the performance of the intake. Two kinds of unsteady oscillations are observed: ‘little’ and ‘big’ buzz. The frequency of the both kinds of buzz oscillations is found to be super‐harmonic of the fundamental acoustic frequency of intake modeled as an open‐closed organ pipe. The frequency as well as amplitudes of the big buzz cycles is larger than those of the little buzz. The little‐ and big‐buzz are found to occur for low‐ and high‐subcritical state of the intake and are very similar to Ferri and Dailey criteria, respectively. Buzz is eliminated when relatively high bleed is implemented, both, upstream and downstream of the throat. The effect of rate of change of back‐pressure on the start/unstart of the intake is investigated. Two situations are considered. The first case is that of an intake where the back‐pressure remains below the critical value. It is found that the intake remains started if the change in back‐pressure is gradual. However, it unstarts if the back‐pressure is changed relatively rapidly. The second set of simulations is an attempt to model the situation where the back‐pressure at the exit of the intake exceeds the critical value and a logic is incorporated in the feed back loop of the fuel modulation to start the intake. Low rate of change of pressure is unsuccessful in starting the intake. Relatively high rates result in either a quick starting of the intake or a slow unstart. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

日喂饲料量对绵羊尿中嘌呤代谢物和瘤胃微生物蛋白质产量的影响

根据４×４拉丁方设计，４只体重相似（４５ｋｇ）的阉公绵羊（Ｂｌａｃｋｆａｃｅ×Ｓｕｆｆｏｌｋ）在不同试验期分别饲喂４００，８００，１２００和１６００ｇ／ｄ配合饲料（ＧＤ），相应采食量为７．２２，１４．４４，２１．１８和２８．８７ｇＤＭ／ｋｇＢＷ。尿中嘌呤代谢物排泄量（ＰＤ）和瘤胃微生物蛋白质产量（ＭＰＹ）分别为３．５６，７．０５，１１．２８，１７，５９ｍｍｏｌ／ｄ和１２．０，２０．７，２２．８，２８．３ｇＭＮ／ｋｇＤＯＭＲ．日喂饲料量增加对消化率影响不大，却明显提高了蛋白质的生物学价值（ＡＢＶ）和净利用率（ＮＰＵ）．     

陈行水库在长江河口咸潮入侵期间的取水调度和库内氯度分布

在长江河口咸潮入侵严重期间,为保证供水,陈行水库有时会带盐取水.2009年11月27日至2010年3月12日在陈行水库进行了氯度观测.结合径流量、潮汐、风应力、上游氯度和取水口氯度,分析了长江河口咸潮入侵以及陈行水库3次带盐取水的运行方式和库内氯度的时空变化.数值模拟的结果表明,在东风作用下,水库东岸有上升流的存在.在咸潮到来前期,陈行水库增大取水量,使水库保持在高水位.在咸潮到来的初期,进行带盐取水,保证水库在较高的水位.在咸潮中后期,根据咸潮入侵的强弱向宝钢水库抽调适量淡水,同时当库内供水口氯度接近250 mg/L时必须停止从长江带盐取水.库内氯度资料表明水库带盐取水造成库内氯度升高,氯度的变化与风况有关,在空间存在差异性.陈行水库的调度与库内外的氯度密切相关,同时需要考虑库内的水位、上游氯度变化以及水库表面风场的变化情况.本研究可为河口水库的优化运行提供科学依据,同时为水库的调度管理提供经验.     

车辆发动机进气系统的声学稳健性设计

针对车辆发动机进气系统声学可靠性有时随着声学稳健性的提高而降低的情况,研究了基于声学可靠性的车辆发动机进气系统的声学稳健性设计方法.将管道声学理论、可靠性设计理论和稳健性设计理论相结合,以车辆发动机进气系统声学可靠性分析为前提,进行了车辆发动机进气系统声学稳健性优化.通过基于声学可靠性的车辆发动机进气系统的声学稳健性设...     

嘉陵江取水口项目通航影响数值模拟研究

随着国民经济发展与基础设施的不断完善,在通航河道修建的取水项目工程日益增多,这些在通航河段的工程项目均会不可避免地对航道、通航条件产生一定影响。为了科学合理地制定项目实施方案,以嘉陵江某取水口项目为例,通过建立二维数模与分析实测资料,统计分析拟建工程前后附近水域流速、水位等方面的变化,论证拟建项目对于嘉陵江航道通航的影响。结果表明,拟建工程对工程河段过水面积影响较小,且埋于河床下,其结构阻水作用有限,河道流态、主流带位置改变较小;另外,考虑到该河段的河道组成及川江河床演变特点,可以预测该工程建成后,对工程河段附近泥沙冲淤变形、河床形态等无甚影响,亦不会对工程河段的河床演变规律及河势造成影响。     

Application of SSNTD for maintenance of radiation and nuclear safety of the Sarcophagus

Object “Shelter” (known world-wide as the Sarcophagus) is a source of very high radiological and nuclear hazard. Transfer of the Sarcophagus into an ecologically safe site is a task not only for Ukraine but also for the world community. A composite approach to maintenance of radiation and nuclear safety of the Sarcophagus applying spectrometric methods using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) is suggested in this paper. The aspects are: (1) monitoring of transuranium element inhalation intake to a human body of nuclear workers; (2) neutron flux evaluation in some premises of the Sarcophagus; (3) fuel hot particle detection in air of working zones; (4) radon and thoron simultaneous measurements.     

土壤水分胁迫与调控对冬小麦生育指标的影响

针对干旱地区有限水资源和发展节水灌溉实际,采用田间试验方法探讨了土壤水分胁迫与调控对冬小麦矿质营养吸收、干物质累积、产量形成和籽粒营养品质等的影响．试验结果表明：在冬小麦各个生育期,土壤水分胁迫与调控均会影响冬小麦对矿质营养的吸收和干物质累积等;各个生育期相应的土壤水分胁迫指标(占田持的百分比),苗期为60％,返青期为60％,拔节-抽穗期为65％,抽穗-灌浆期为65％,灌浆-成熟期为55％;水分胁迫对冬小麦籽粒的N,P,K,蛋白质,粗脂肪和淀粉等营养品质的影响不大,苗期、灌浆-成熟期水分胁迫对产量的影响最小,而拔节-抽穗期水分胁迫对产量的影响最大,故拔节-抽穗期为冬小麦缺水敏感期,水分胁迫应尽量避免．