高校院级科研实验室仪器设备共享管理浅析

随着高等教育的不断发展,高校资产规模的日益扩大,学院科研实验室占有的仪器设备在数量、价值上都有明显增加。因此,如何提高科研实验室仪器设备的使用效益,探索共享管理模式以及该模式在运行中的环节建设十分必要。通过对华南理工大学生物科学与工程学院科研实验室仪器设备共享管理具体实施情况的分析,对这共享管理模式下的仪器设备管理方式和管理系统的建设提出了自己的看法。     

用于光电仪器和相关测量的自混合干涉技术（特邀）

回顾了一种全新结构的干涉仪—自混合干涉仪（SMI）的发展情况。SMI由于其在激光器外部无需任何光学元件且应用范围广泛而倍受关注。SMI可用于测量与光路长度有关的一些量（如位移、小幅度振动、速度）,也可用于测量弱光的回波（即回波损耗和隔离因子的测量）并可表征与介质相互作用特性相关的物理参数（如激光线宽、相干长度以及α因子等）。SMI是一种相干探测方法,其工作在靠近接收场的量子极限处,目前对散射目标物的最小探测幅值可达槡20 pm/（Hz）～（1/2）甚至更高,使用角锥棱镜使其计数步长为半波长,在动态范围为2 m时其分辨率约为0.5μm。另外,SMI结构紧凑、易于现场安装且可用于MEMS测试、旋转机械振动测试和生物运行测试等各种实验。     

虚拟仪器实现自扫描光电二极管列阵信号峰值的采集

采用虚拟仪器的方式,在速度较低的采集卡上快速、简便而准确地实现了自扫描光电二极管信号峰值的采集,提出了两种实现方法。并通过实验证实了其中用ＳＳＰＤ延时后的φ时钟代替数据采集卡内部时钟,完成ＳＳＰＤ信号峰值采集的方法是可行的。     

Guidance for accredited laboratories on the use of computers

 We review the draft international standard ISO/IEC 17025 and the EA guidelines; and present the existing National Physical Laboratory publication “Software in scientific instruments” and the new Measurement System Validation Best Practice guide. Received: 2 November 1999 / Accepted: 29 January 2000     

基于LabVIEW的虚拟实验的设计和实现

在LabVIEW软件中设计了一个虚拟实验平台,并实现了八选一数据选择器实验、四位串行加法器实验、用MSI实现组合电路实验、JK触发器实验等一系列实验.通过对虚拟实验平台的网络化,在互联网上任一终端输入服务器的URL地址即可进行远程实验.     

水热法合成硒化锡纳米盘及其形成机理探讨

本制备方法以二氧化硒(SeO2)为硒源,以氯化亚锡(SnCl2·2H2O)为锡源,以水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂在180 ℃ 的条件下利用水热法合成了硒化锡纳米盘.产物分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征手段进行了表征,探索了硒化锡纳米盘的形成机理.通过一系列反应物中不同硒元素与锡元素的摩尔比的条件实验,讨论了其对反应所得产物的影响;另外,通过不同反应温度的条件实验,研究了反应体系温度对所得反应产物的影响,讨论了相关的规律.     

Statistical inference and modelling of momentum in stock prices

The following results are obtained, (i) It is possible to obtain a time series of market data {y(t)} in which the fluctuations in fundamental value have been compensated for. An objective test of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), which would predict random correlations about a constant value, is thereby possible, (ii) A time series procedure can be used to determine the extent to which the differences in the data and the moving averages are significant. This provides a model of the form y(t)-y(t-l)=0.5{y(t- l)-y(t-2)}+ε(t)+0.8ε(r-1) where ε(t) is the error at time t, and the coefficients 0.5 and 0.8 are determined from the data. One concludes that today's price is not a random perturbation from yesterday's; rather, yesterday's rate of change is a significant predictor of today's rate of change. This confirms the concept of momentum that is crucial to market participants. (iii) The model provides out-of-sample predictions that can be tested statistically. (iv) The model and coefficients obtained in this way can be used to make predictions on laboratory experiments to establish an objective and quantitative link between the experiments and the market data. These methods circumvent the central difficulty in testing market data, namely, that changes in fundamentals obscure intrinsic trends and autocorrelations. This procedure is implemented by considering the ratio of two similar funds (Germany and Future Germany) with the same manager and performing a set of statistical tests that have excluded fluctuations in fundamental factors. For the entire data of the first 1149 days beginning with the introduction of the latter fund, a standard runs test indicates that the data is 29 standard deviations away from that which would be expected under a hypothesis of random fluctuations about the fundamental value. This and other tests provide strong evidence against the efficient market hypothesis and in favour of autocorrelations in the data. An ARIMA time series finds strong evidence (9.6 and 21.6 standard deviations in the two coefficients) that the data is described by a model that involves the first difference, indicating that momentum is the significant factor. The first quarter's data is used to make out-of-sample predictions for the second quarter with results that are significant to 3 standard deviations. Finally, the ARIMA model and coefficients are used to make predictions on laboratory experiments of Porter and Smith in which the intrinsic value is clear. The model's forecasts are decidedly more accurate than that of the null hypothesis of random fluctuations about the fundamental value.     

Standards for surface flaws

A two channel microscope image comparator is described which is capable of quantifying all current national standard defects. It has been designed to solve the difficulties that arise when optically worked surfaces, which have been visually assessed, are transferred between companies working to different standards and methods of flaw measurement. The instrument, using both visual and objective methods, can give the same severity rating for a surface flaw, thus allowing for transferable standards.     

How do we understand mathematical practices in non-mathematical fields? Reflections inspired by cases from 12th and 13th century China

Recent studies of the history of mathematics have shed light on the diversity of mathematical practices in the ancient world. In this article, I address this issue from two perspectives. First, I analyze different mathematical instruments used in different domains in 12^th and 13^th century China. Second, by analyzing how the text is related to the problems written down in the same period, I argue that there existed two categories of mathematical problems. As a result, I suggest that problems, textual procedures, and material operations should be considered together when regarding various mathematical practices in mathematical and non-mathematical fields.     

APPLEⅡ微机的多点自动测试系统

本文介绍一种个人计算机控制的新型多点自动测试系统。该系统采用了自行设计的接口仪器。新型接口包括有应变放大器和由微机程控的多路自动转换器。文中讨论了采用该系统进行应变梁的弯曲实验以及复合应力下主应力测试的实例。 本文提出的测试系统方便、价廉、可靠。