PVA/PAN 渗透汽化复合膜的制备与分离性能研究(Ⅰ)——膜制备及处理条件的选择

制备出了ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜,活性分离层ＰＶＡ的厚度为１～１０μｍ,并将其用于乙醇－水混合物的分离．结果表明,热处理条件能显著影响ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜的渗透通量、渗透选择性和分离指数．通过实验确定了最佳的热处理温度和时间．     

超滤法分级和纯化蛋白质的现状和前景(英文)

超滤法具有高产率、低成本、容易放大等显著优点,但其低选择性一直限制其在生物蛋白制品的分级和纯化中的应用。本文总结和分析了超滤法用于蛋白质分级和纯化的近期研究成果,对其低选择性的原因进行了分析,提出并论证了提高超滤选择性的技术途径。     

微孔介质上气泡形成规律的研究

用激光测试技术对微孔介质上气泡形成规律进行了研究。实验结果表明,在微孔介质上所形成气泡的 Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径随通气量的增大而减小;液相中盐或醇的引入使形成的气泡直径明显减小。使用不同模型的计算结果表明,单一孔上气泡形成模型难以描述微孔介质上气泡形成规律。为了描述微孔介质上气泡形成过程,不仅要考虑孔径减小带来的影响,而且要考虑操作条件及体系性质的变化对实际生成气泡的“有效孔”数目及当量直径等因素的影响。     

Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 70. Mitt.: Zum aktiven Transport mit tripyrrinoiden Liganden

The tripyrrin carboxylic acid6 exhibits a pronounced efficiency for carrier mediated proton driven secondary active transport (counter transport) for a series of toxic or valuable cations in a bulk chloroform membrane. In case of Zn⁺⁺ ions the mechanism including complete concentration profiles forNerst diffusion layers and bulk phase have been established. This compound might be used for detoxification or enrichment of precious metals using membrane separation systems.

Herrn Prof. Dr.A. Neckel mit den besten Wünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Theoretical approach and the practice to the evaluation of structural parameters characterizing concentration polarization alongside ion-exchange membranes by means of dielectric measurement

As the application of a dielectric theory proposed previously (J Membrane Sci 64:153–161 (1991)), theoretical formulation and the practical procedure of dielectric analysis are developed to calculate the structural parameters such as the conductivity gradient and the thickness of the concentration polarization layer, the capacitances and the conductances of the two adjoining aqueous phases from the observed dielectric parameters. The procedure of calculation consequent upon the theoretical formulation was applied to double relaxation data observed for cation-exchange membrane systems under application of d.c. bias voltage. As a consequence, the structural parameters of concentration polarization were readily obtained with accuracy.     

Adsorption of an amphipatic copolymer on a kidney dialysis membrane

We have studied the adsorption of a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methacrylate of nonaethyleneglycol on a kidney dialysis membrane, which contains mostly nitrile groups. The kinetics study reveals at first a rapid increase of the adsorbance, followed by slow variations suggesting rearrangements at the interface. The isotherms do not present a true plateau at high concentration. The high adsorbance observed at low pH or high salt concentration could be related to the ability of polyethyleneoxide to form a complex with cations.     

电位法测定异价阳离子通过阳离子交换膜时的选择透过性

从理论上导出了不等价的两种阳离子在通过阳离子交换膜时的选择透过性与膜电位的关系，并用电位法对一些不等价阳离子组合在两种商品膜中的选择透过性进行了测定。本方法测定结果与电渗析实际分离效果相符。     

有机硅及其改性聚合物膜用于有机溶剂水溶液的渗透汽化分离

采用室温固化硅橡胶及其它三种改性硅氧烷聚合物制成渗透汽化膜,分离丙酮(A),丁酮(B)、乙醇(E)及异丙醇(P)等有机物的水溶液。结果表明,随着透过温度提高、透量成指数关系增大,但对分离系数影响甚小。透量大小顺序为A>B>E>P,分离系数大小顺序为A>B>P>E,当膜材料中(CH_3)_2SiO链节含量由70%上升到100%时,有机物的透量及分离系数同时增加。     

Selective Transport of Lead(II) and Strontium(II) Through a Crown Ether-Based Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing Dialkylnaphthalenesulfonic Acid

New polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing 18-membered crownethers and dialkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid are proposed for Sr2+ and Pb2+removal from nitric acid solutions. The influence of source phasecomposition and stripping agents was characterized and permeabilitycoefficients were calculated. The PIMs are easy to prepare and may be usefulin separation and concentration procedures for these cations from complexmixtures such as nuclear waste. Long-term stability was obtained for atleast several weeks of constant use during which no significant change ofpermeability was observed.     

Lead-selective membrane electrodes based on dithiophenediazacrown ether derivatives

Three double-armed diazacrown ethers with two thiophene side groups, 7,16-dithenyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (DTDC), 7,16-dithenoyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (DTODC), and 7,16-di-(2-thiopheneacetyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (DTAODC), have been synthesized and used as novel neutral lead(II) ionophores in ion selective electrode applications. The relationship between the molecular structure of these ionophores and electrochemical properties (linear range, response time, selectivity) of the membrane electrode is discussed. The optimum conditions for the preparation of the electrodes are described. The optimized dithenoyldiazacrown had a detection limit of pPb = 5.7, and Nernstian range with slope 29.2 mV decade⁻¹ from pPb = 5.0 to 2.7. Mercury and silver ions are the major interferences. These electrodes are applied to potentiometric titrations of lead(II) ions and show promise for the determination of lead ions in water samples.