Nonlinear modelling and control of a common rail injection system for diesel engines

Modern trends in designing mechatronic systems call for a synergic design of the separated subsystems (mechanic, electronic parts, control modules, etc.) concurring to the overall performance. Following this point of view, this paper presents a control oriented model and a nonlinear control design for a Common Rail injection system. First a model is developed, which is tuned in a virtual simulation environment, representing the injection system in details in a reliable replication of reality. Then a sliding mode control is developed. Both the model of the injection process and of the control law are validated by a virtual detailed simulation environment. The prediction capability of the model and the control efficiency are clearly shown.     

电控发动机喷油脉宽的分析

本文介绍了利用喷油脉宽大小的变化来分析电控发动机电控系统、燃油供给等系统故障的一种方法,在汽车故障检测与诊断中有着广泛的应用。     

高效液相色谱法测定制剂中生长抑素的含量

介绍了一种用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中生长抑素含量的新方法,该法测定准确,操作简便,重现性好.     

Spin-relaxation and magnetoresistance in FM/SC/FM tunnel junctions

The effect of spin relaxation on tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in a ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet (FM/SC/FM) double tunnel junction is theoretically studied. The spin accumulation in SC is determined by balancing of the spin-injection rate and the spin-relaxation rate. In the superconducting state, the spin-relaxation time τ_s becomes longer with decreasing temperature, resulting in a rapid increase of TMR. The TMR of FM/SC/FM junctions provides a useful probe to extract information about spin-relaxation in superconductors.     

中国数学史断代研究的一项新成果：—《明清数学史论文集》简介

本文简介梅荣照主编的《明清数学史论文集》一书，对中国数学史开展断代专题研究，是我国数学史界继承并发展李俨、钱宝琮、严郭杰先生研究成果的宏大计划，持续近三十年，历来为国际科学史界所重视，文集收入论文15篇、附录2篇，其中严敦杰先生遗作7篇，本文对15篇论文逐一作了简介。     

地域的履历——浙江省奉化县忠义乡（下）

(接上期)上面提到的非定居移住民,是指从福建及浙江省南部的台州府等地流入奉化县山区的人,即所谓的“棚民”。在位于忠义乡以西的剡源乡,可以见到如下的记事 。剡源向乏水患,亦无劫案。自嘉庆初,闽、台(福建省与浙江省台州府———引用者)棚民相率来剡〔源乡〕,种靛青、种苞芦,日辟日广。如牛山之濯濯水,无所蓄迨。〔嘉庆〕末年,大雨连旬,山水骤注于溪,溪不能容,遂漂没田畴无算。……比年仙居、黄岩无业贫民偕来工作,寓居山厂,一不得食,抢劫之案,层见叠出。由此来看,自嘉庆初年( 1 8世纪末)以降,福建等地的棚民、浙江南部的贫民流入该地山…     

架起传统与现代的桥梁--建筑历史与理论课程体系教学改革的思考

重新审视建筑历史理论教学的目标、内容、教学方式和手段，通过对国内几座有影响的建筑院校的调研，比较各个院校在这些问题及途径上的异同，分析其利弊，以期促进建筑历史与理论课程体系教学的建设和改革．     

Complications of collagen injection of the vocal fold: report of several unusual cases and review of the literature

Injection laryngoplasty is one of the most frequently performed procedures in patients with voice complaints. Various biomaterials have been used to medialize vocal folds or to treat symptoms of vocal fold scar. The ideal biomaterial would be easily injected through a fine-gauge needle, well tolerated, and long lasting. Injectable collagen preparations fulfill at least two of these criteria, and collagen has been used widely for vocal fold injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a retrospective review of two unusual complications of collagen injection and a review of the relevant literature on the complications of medical use of collagen compounds. RESULTS: Two patients in whom collagen was injected formed firm submucosal deposits that interrupted the normal mucosal wave and produced significant dysphonia. Surgical removal of these deposits restored the mucosal wave and improved voice quality. Management of this unusual complication of human collagen injection in the vocal fold has not been reported previously. Other complications of collagen injection include hypersensitivity reactions to bovine collagen, local abscess formation at injection sites, and possibly induction of collagen vascular disease in some patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although collagen injections of the vocal fold rarely result in complications, physicians using collagen must be familiar with the types of complications that can occur. Proper diagnosis and prompt management of complications can result in good outcomes.     

究竟谁是惯性定律的发现者

介绍了笛卡儿以前人们对惯性定律的认识,阐述了笛卡儿及其同时代人对惯性定律的贡献以及牛顿对这一问题的总结。     

The First Results of Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection in the HL-2A Tokamak

HL-2A tokamak, the first tokamak with divertor in China, has been constructed and put into operation in 2002. The main parameters are R=1.65 m, a=0.4 m, BT=2.8 T, Ip = 0. 48 MA. The divertor of HL-2A is unique, because it is characterized with a large closed divertor chamber. The device has double divertor chamber, but now it is operating with lower single null configuration to study the physics of divertor for the next step design of a divertor. Supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） system with LN2 cooling trap was first installed and demonstrated on the HL-2A tokamak in 2004. The first results of SMBI into HL-2A plasma are to demonstrate the function of the HL-2A divertor and to observe the cold pulse propagation during multi-pulse SMBI on HL-2A Tokamak.