SpecInfo—A multidimensional spectroscopic interpretation system

Formerly developed inside the BASF company for inhouse use, Spec-Info is now available to the public due to a project of the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT). The system is meant as a supporting tool for interpreting spectroscopists elucidating the structure of chemical compounds. SpecInfo supports the synergistic use of NMR-, IR- and MS-spectra for the correlation between structure and spectral patterns, based on a large spectroscopic databank. Additionally, statistical evaluations on this database are used to link spectral patterns to (sub-) structures responsible for these patterns.     

Computer-assisted structure elucidation of organic compounds III: Automatic fragment generation from13C-NMR spectra

The interpretation of carbon-NMR spectra is mainly based on the comparison with suitable reference data taken from literature. The whole information contents of¹³C-NMR spectra cannot be utilized by manual interpretation. Therefore a network of interactive computer programs has been developed, which simulates the strategy of the spectroscopist in generating structural fragments from the spectral data. The most important knowledge source for this process is a carbon-NMR data base containing some 17,500 spectra. Structural fragments are generated automatically from this data file and assembled by a model builder to complete chemical structures using constraints derived from the spectral data. A comparison of the experimental carbon-NMR spectrum with the estimated ones allows the generation of a sorted hitlist.For part II see: H. Kalchhauser, W. Robien,J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1985,25, 103.     

A fuzzy measure identification method by diamond pairwise comparisons and $${\phi_s}$$ transformation

We propose an identification method of fuzzy measures by diamond pairwise comparisons. Right and left side of the diamond means ordinal weights’ comparison and up and down means interaction degrees. From the comparisons, we estimate a hierarchy diagram with interaction degrees and weights of evaluation items using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. From the diagram, to identify the fuzzy measure, conversion method is proposed.     

Reasoning about proof and knowledge

In previous work [15], we presented a hierarchy of classical modal systems, along with algebraic semantics, for the reasoning about intuitionistic truth, belief and knowledge. Deviating from Gödel's interpretation of IPC in S4, our modal systems contain IPC in the way established in [13]. The modal operator can be viewed as a predicate for intuitionistic truth, i.e. proof. Epistemic principles are partially adopted from Intuitionistic Epistemic Logic IEL [4]. In the present paper, we show that the S5-style systems of our hierarchy correspond to an extended Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation and are complete w.r.t. a relational semantics based on intuitionistic general frames. In this sense, our S5-style logics are adequate and complete systems for the reasoning about proof combined with belief or knowledge. The proposed relational semantics is a uniform framework in which also IEL can be modeled. Verification-based intuitionistic knowledge formalized in IEL turns out to be a special case of the kind of knowledge described by our S5-style systems.     

Design of solids for antigravity motion illusion

This paper presents a method for designing solid shapes containing slopes where orientation appears opposite to the actual orientation when observed from a unique vantage viewpoint. The resulting solids generate a new type of visual illusion, which we call “impossible motion”, in which balls placed on the slopes appear to roll uphill thereby defying the law of gravity. This is possible because a single retinal image lacks depth information and human visual perception tries to interpret images as the most familiar shape even though there are infinitely many possible interpretations. We specify the set of all possible solids represented by a single picture as the solution set of a system of equations and inequalities, and then relax the constraints in such a way that the antigravity slopes can be reconstructed. We present this design procedure with examples.     

Interpreting Intuitionistic Propositional Logic in Terms of Intuitionistic Protothetics

An algebra of sentences of the quite intuitionistic protothetics, that is, an intuitionistic propositional logic with quantifiers augmented by the negation of the excluded middle, is a faithful model of intuitionistic propositional logic.     

On an extremal problem of Selberg

We consider the minimum value m_p of the product under the conditions that and . This problem stems from estimation of the Selberg integral appeared in the study of integral-valued entire functions [A. Selberg, Über einen Satz von A. Gelfond, Arch. Math. Naturvid. 44 (1941) 159–170]. We give upper and lower estimates of m_p : . This, in particular, slightly improves the earlier lower estimate given by Selberg: logm_p>p·0.31654924….     

遗传算法的物理解释

提出了一种理想化的模拟仿生搜索算法——扰动算法 ,以此方法为基础 ,分析了遗传算法的搜索过程和效率问题 ,阐明了遗传算法作为一种次优算法的有效性 .相对于遗传算法的生物解释 ,本文给出了相应的物理解释 .同时 ,本文为遗传算法、进化策略和模拟退火算法找到了一种统一的物理解释 ,揭示了这些重要的仿生类算法实质上的相似性 .     

An integrable semi-discrete equation and combinatorial numbers with their combinatorial interpretations

A Hankel type determinant solution for an integrable semi-discrete equation is presented. As an application, the relations between the solution and combinatorial numbers are discussed, which lead to new combinatorial numbers. The so-called Motzkin-like numbers are obtained, and the corresponding combinatorial interpretation is given. Additionally, it is also shown that some lattice paths have connections with the special solution.