A Novel One Pot Synthesis of o‐Nitrophenylacetic Acid and Unexpected p‐Nitrobenzoic Acid by HNO3‐Mediated CH2 Extrusion Reaction of Phenylacetic Acid

The HNO₃‐mediated CH₂ extrusion reactions of phenylacetic acid lead to one pot synthesis of unexpected commercially important product 4‐nitrobenzoic acid through the formation of 4‐nitrophenylacetic acid and 2‐nitrophenylacetic acid.     

曲靖旅游产业升级策略研究

旅游业作为第三产业的支柱产业之一，低污染、低能耗的特点使其备受各级政府的重视。曲靖市旅游业拥有宜人的气候、丰富的资源、发达的经济等优势，但是也存在着观光旅游的景点知名度相对较低、基础性公共服务部门的服务意识薄弱、旅游配套设施不足等问题。为此，应通过科学规划，大力发展休闲游、自驾游等方式，以促进整个旅游业的产业升级。     

工伤认定标准的几个法律问题

对上下班途中发生的交通事故、职工"过劳死",以及由于工作压力过大造成的精神损害是否一律认定为工伤问题进行了探讨。提出,是否认定为工伤不仅要依据相关的法律规定,更要有一个统一的工伤认定原则,即事故的发生是否"与工作有关",凡是"与工作有关"就应当认定为工伤,反之,则应以非工伤处理。     

Industrial Applications of Dimeric Surfactants: A Review

Dimeric surfactants also known as gemini surfactants have received lots of attention for high performance formulations in the various scientific and commercial products. Due to the greater amount of hydrocarbon per molecule, the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of dimeric are typically one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding monomeric surfactant. They are ten to hundred times more efficient at reducing the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of the oil-water interface than conventional surfactants. Besides, the Krafft temperatures of gemini surfactants with hydrophilic spacers are generally very low giving these surfactants the capacity to be used in cold water. These surfactants display a range of interesting properties, including elevated surface activity, extremely low CMC and extraordinary rheology and self-assimilation aspect. As a consequence of these properties, they have many potential applications include detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetics, textile, and dyeing, dispersion stabilization and emulsion polymerization, genetics science, pharmaceutical, and biological applications.      

化学工程:从基础研究到工业应用

本文介绍了我国中长期发展规划中所制定的化学化工学科发展目标,综述了化学工程学科近十余年来在队伍建设、平台建设和国家级奖励等方面所取得的成果,列举了若干化学工程在传递与过程强化、化工分离过程、精细与药物化工、能源化工和材料化工领域从基础研究到工业化应用的例子和成果,展望了化学工程学科今后发展的方向及目标.     

FeO(OH)@C-Catalyzed Selective Hydrazine Substitution of p-Nitro-Aryl Fluorides and their Application for the Synthesis of Phthalazinones

An efficient hydrazine substitution of p-nitro-aryl fluorides with hydrazine hydrates catalyzed by FeO(OH)@C nanoparticles is described. This hydrazine substitutions of p-nitro-aryl fluorides bearing electron-withdrawing groups proceeded efficiently with high yield and selectivity. Similarly, hydrogenations of p-nitro-aryl fluorides containing electron-donating groups also smoothly proceeded under mild conditions. Furthermore, with these prepared aryl hydrazines, some phthalazinones, interesting as potential structures for pharmaceuticals, have successfully been synthesized in high yields.     

Green Synthesis and Applications of ZnO and TiO2 Nanostructures

Over the last two decades, oxide nanostructures have been continuously evaluated and used in many technological applications. The advancement of the controlled synthesis approach to design desired morphology is a fundamental key to the discipline of material science and nanotechnology. These nanostructures can be prepared via different physical and chemical methods; however, a green and ecofriendly synthesis approach is a promising way to produce these nanostructures with desired properties with less risk of hazardous chemicals. In this regard, ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures are prominent candidates for various applications. Moreover, they are more efficient, non-toxic, and cost-effective. This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-the-art advancements in the green synthesis approach for ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures and their applications. The first section summarizes the green synthesis approach to synthesize ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures via different routes such as solvothermal, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and sol-gel using biological systems that are based on the principles of green chemistry. The second section demonstrates the application of ZnO and TiO₂ nanostructures. The review also discusses the problems and future perspectives of green synthesis methods and the related issues posed and overlooked by the scientific community on the green approach to nanostructure oxides.     

Optimization of Vacuum-Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Raw Solid Waste of the Orange Juice Producing Industry at Industrial Scale

Orange pomace (OP) is a solid waste produced in bulk as a byproduct of the orange juice industry and accounts for approximately 50% of the quantity of the fruits processed into juice. In numerous literature references there is information about diverse uses of orange pomace for the production of high-added-value products including production of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which can substitute the hazardous chemical antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics sectors. In this work and for the first time, according to our knowledge, the eco-friendly aqueous vacuum microwave assisted extraction of orange pomace was investigated and optimized at real industrial scale in order to produce aqueous antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts. A Response Surface Optimization methodology with a multipoint historical data experimental design was employed to obtain the optimal values of the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of OP total polyphenols and/or total flavonoids for economically optimum production at industrial scale. The three factors used for the optimization were: (a) microwave power (b) water to raw pomace ratio and (c) extraction time. Moreover, the effectiveness and statistical soundness of the derived cubic polynomial predictive models were verified by ANOVA.     

基于网络的风机防喘振控制系统设计

针对某钢厂转炉煤气加压站大风机电机采用工频加变频的恒压闭环运行方式,变频风机极易发生喘振的现象,为了确保大风机稳定、安全的运行,在风机喘振的预防和控制方法上进行改进。采用两台风机同步变频调速与最小极值流量法的模糊PID控制相结合的防喘振控制方法,同步变频调速控制策略有效地预防喘振的发生,最小极值流量法的模糊PID控制策略最大限度的扩大了风机的运行区间,通过MATLAB软件仿真,证明模糊PID的动态响应速度和鲁棒性较常规PID有较大的改良。控制系统通过工业网络完成现场设备和远程的通讯,使控制系统达到高水平的智能自动化。     

Post‐Metallocenes in the Industrial Production of Polyolefins

Research on “post‐metallocene” polymerization catalysis ranges methodologically from fundamental mechanistic studies of polymerization reactions over catalyst design to material properties of the polyolefins prepared. A common goal of these studies is the creation of practically useful new polyolefin materials or polymerization processes. This Review gives a comprehensive overview of post‐metallocene polymerization catalysts that have been put into practice. The decisive properties for this success of a given catalyst structure are delineated.