Broadband excitation pulses for high‐field solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

In nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, experimental limits due to the radiofrequency transmitter and/or coil means that conventional radiofrequency pulses (“hard pulses”) are sometimes not sufficiently powerful to excite magnetization uniformly over a desired range of frequencies. Effects due to nonuniform excitation are most frequently encountered at high magnetic fields for nuclei with a large range of chemical shifts. Using optimal control theory, we have designed broadband excitation pulses that are suitable for solid‐state samples under magic‐angle‐spinning conditions. These pulses are easy to implement, robust to spinning frequency variations, and radiofrequency inhomogeneities, and only four times as long as a corresponding hard pulse. The utility of these pulses for uniformly exciting ¹³C nuclei is demonstrated on a 900 MHz (21.1 T) spectrometer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

连续型模糊PID复合控制器在直流位置伺服系统中的应用

为了实现直流位置伺服系统的高速和高精度位置控制,针对实际伺服系统中存在的非线性、强耦合等各种不确定因素,提出了一种连续型模糊控制算法,以抑制各种非线性因素对被控对象的影响,同时引入传统的PID控制器,进一步改善了系统的稳态性能.通过实际运用表明,该连续型模糊PID复合控制器可以明显地提高直流位置伺服系统的动态性能和稳态精度,同时系统具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性.     

基于离散功率空间的定步长认知无线网络功率控制算法

针对现有认知无线网络功率控制算法在离散功率空间内无法收敛的问题,提出一种定步长功率控制算法。在离散功率空间内,将认知用户的目标信干扰比 （signal to interference plus noise ratio,SINR）由具体的目标数值扩展为目标窗口。为了最大化系统容量,在满足系统约束条件的前提下,建立了滑动窗口机制。通过认知用户总干扰与干扰温度域上下限的比较,动态调整中值SINR,从而实现目标窗口的滑动。对于确定的目标窗口,采用定步长迭代算法进行发射功率的调整。仿真实验表明,算法达到了预期效果,并取得与最优算法相近的系统性能。     

基于T-S模糊模型的自适应重构控制

针对建模误差,外界干扰及操作故障等因素对重构控制的影响,提出了一种基于T-S模糊模型的自适应重构控制方案。整个方案基于模糊T-S模型,在与神经网络的学习能力相结合后,使模糊控制器能自动调整它的隶属度函数,为模糊控制器增加了相当的灵活性,可重构的控制律又使系统在故障情况下的输出精确跟踪期望参考模型的输出,可以有效地补偿故障引起的非线性因素的影响。仿真结果表明了所提出的方法的有效性。     

Switch Corridor方差互换定价的蒙特卡罗加速算法

主要研究为对冲跨市场波动率风险而开发的双标的资产的新型方差产品——Switch Corridor方差互换的定价问题。该产品由瑞士信贷(Credit Suisse)于2012年率先推出,逐渐成为了结构性产品市场上最受欢迎的新产品系列之一。使用控制变量Monte Carlo方法研究了双Heston随机波动率模型下Switch Corridor方差互换的定价问题,基于仿射结构理论,得到辅助标的过程下方差产品价格的解析解,构造了问题求解的高效控制变量。进一步地,考察了不同辅助过程波动率的选取对加速效果的影响。通过数值实验可以证明,基于动态波动率选取的辅助过程起到了很好的加速效果。该算法亦可方便地解决其他随机波动率模型下高维方差产品的计算问题。     

基于定量反馈理论的AMT离合器接合控制研究

研究机械式自动变速器(AMT)离合器的接合控制.通过对离合器传动系动力学分析,建立了车辆起步时变速器输入轴速度与离合器接合位移之间的传递函数模型.由于模型中存在参数的不确定性,利用定量反馈理论原理,设计了变速器输入轴速度鲁棒控制系统.仿真研究表明,当车辆起步时的挡位和载荷变化时,该控制系统满足给定的性能指标.     

发动机振动主动控制用电磁作动器的设计和动态特性研究

对一种适用于汽车发动机振动主动控制用的新型串接式高能电磁作动器进行了结构设计,计算了作动器的磁场,对作动器的片状弹簧的应力分布进行了有限元分析。同时,建立了作动器的力学模型,对其动态特性进行了仿真分析和试验研究,结果表明作动器是理想的激振源和主动控制用作动器。     

Banach空间一阶非线性混合型积微分方程正解的存在性

通过构造一个闭凸集合并利用全连续算子的不动点理论,对Banach空间中混合型一阶非线性奇异脉冲积微分方程进行了研究, 获得了正解的存在性结果。     

Coexistence and harvesting control policy in a food chain model with mutual defense of prey

A model is proposed to understand the dynamics in a food chain (one predator‐two prey). Unlike many approaches, we consider mutualism (for defense against predators) between the two groups of prey. We investigate the conditions for coexistence and exclusion. Unlike Elettreby's (2009) results, we show that prey can coexist in the absence of predators (as expected since there is no competition between prey). We also show the existence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle in the model, and numerically present bifurcation diagrams in terms of mutualism and harvesting. When the harvest is practiced for profit making, we provide the threshold effort value that determines the profitability of the harvest. We show that there is zero profit when the constant effort is applied. Below (resp. above) , there will always be gain (resp. loss). In the case of gain, we provide the optimal effort and optimal steady states that produce maximum profit and ensure coexistence. Recommendations for resource managers As a result of our investigation, we bring the following to the attention of management:

• 1. In the absence of predators, different groups of prey can coexist if they mutually help each other (no competition among them).
• 2. There is a maximal effort to invest in order to gain profit from the harvest. Above , the investment will result in a loss.
• 3. In the case of profit from harvest, policy makers should recommend the optimal effort to be applied and the optimal stock to harvest. This will guarantee maximum profit while ensuring sustainability of all species.

     

Plasma generation in silicon-based inductive grid arrays

Selective illumination of a silicon wafer can be used for the construction of non-permanent inductive grids. A numerical model is used for the calculation of plasma density distribution in silicon as a function of time. Some indicative results on the microwave properties of the device are presented.