Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of passive layer cracking under static tensile stresses

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy allows the examination of corrosion susceptibility and resistance for different construction materials, in particular the determination of the properties of their passive films. This technique makes possible the analysis of electrochemical processes in time domain, including rapid phenomena such as changes in the properties of passive films, but it has never been used for passive layer cracking examination. In many cases, fracture of the passive film under tensile stresses leads to stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, investigations of passive layer cracking on austenitic stainless steels under tensile stresses facilitate the understanding of the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking in these common engineering materials. The effect of static tensile stresses on the passive film cracking behaviour of type 304L stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M NaCl solution at room temperature has been investigated. This paper presents the impedance spectra obtained for 304L stainless steel samples at different potential values.Contribution to the 3rd Baltic Conference on Electrochemistry, Gdansk-Sobieszewo, Poland, 23–26 April 2003Dedicated to the memory of Harry B. Mark, Jr. (28 February 1934–3 March 2003)     

Effect of film thickness on the electro-reduction of molecular oxygen on electropolymerized cobalt tetra-aminophthalocyanine films

We studied the electrocatalytic activity of cobalt tetra-aminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc) for the reduction of molecular oxygen (O₂) on adsorbed monomeric and on electropolymerized films of different thicknesses on glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The polymeric films, denoted poly-CoTAPc, were first characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and it appears that the types of phenomena revealed to be occurring depend less on the film thickness in basic than in acid media. For O₂ reduction, the results showed that poly-CoTAPc is more active than the monomeric CoTAPc adsorbed on GC. Indeed, rotating ring-disk electrode data showed that polymeric CoTAPc promotes the four-electron reduction of O₂ to water in parallel to a two-electron reduction to give peroxide. On monomeric and thin films of poly-CoTAPc, a two-electron reduction mechanism predominates. In basic media the activity increases very slightly with thickness, whereas in acid media this increase is more pronounced. This parallels the observed behavior revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.     

Electrochemical characterization of Ni–Fe alloy codeposition under MHD control

The nickel–iron alloy electrodeposition is affected by a superimposed magnetic field. Some previous papers [Msellak et al., Magnetohydrodynamics, 39:487–493, 2003 and Msellak et al., J Magn Magn Mat, 281:295–304, 2004] have exhibited some dramatic changes in iron amount and morphology of these deposits. As it is usual for a magnetic field up to 1 T, no charge transfer effect can be expected, and the observed modifications can be explained by the magnetohydrodynamic convection that controls the iron species flux during the electrochemical reaction. By electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and physical investigations (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma), the reduction process is analyzed, the characteristic parameters of the mechanism are determined, and the magnetic field effects can be quantified. Contribution to special issue on “Magnetic field effects in Electrochemistry”.     

利用阻抗谱测定氧化锆试样的电导率

利用阻抗谱测定了2.18%MgO稳定的ZrO2试样在空气中的电导率随温度的变化曲线。结果表明,在1165~1 730 K温度变化范围内,电导率在6.0×10-4~3.3×10-2S.cm-1范围内变化;电导率随温度变化曲线可分为4段,其中,在1 423~1 523 K范围内发生单斜相向四方相的转变,1 673 K以上存在四方相向立方相的转变,导致电导率的跳跃升高。     

设计模式及其在软件设计中的应用研究

总结了不同模式适用于不同应用的一般规律，分析了常用模式的内涵及侧重点，提出了设计模式应用于软件设计的策略，即抽象求解问题、划分问题类型、模式初选、模式匹配、根据问题进行模式变体、软件体系结构细化、设计优化、性能优化及设计质量度量．通过电力行业绘图平台的实际应用，给出了基于软件度量标准下的系统稳定性参数的计算方法．分析与实地测试表明，所提策略能够优化软件的设计及性能，为使用者提供了一种快速选取设计模式的途径．     

串匹配型入侵检测系统的改进

针对当前串匹配型入侵检测系统普遍面临的误报率漏报率高、自身的性能难以适应快速增长的网络流量需求等问题，本文以提高检测的速度和准确率为目的对串匹配型入侵检测系统进行分析，从串匹配算法、规则库结构等方面对其进行改进，并提出了具体的方案。     

数字视频图像中运动估计的实现

要提高视频压缩编码的效率，必须选择一种实用的数字视频压缩技术。因MPEG-2，MPEG-4等压缩技术中的运动估计算法可以满足这种要求而具有良好的应用前景。     

一种新的多模式快速匹配算法

提出了一种针对多模式的快速模式匹配算法。算法分为预处理阶段和匹配阶段两个部分，预处理阶段对所有待匹配的模式进行分析，构造一个关于这些模式的树型有限状态自动机，匹配阶段利用这个模式自动机．对文本串进行一次性的搜索，查找文本是否包含模式集中的模式。为了提高了匹配速度，算法利用已匹配的字符串信息实行跳跃式的比较，避免了文本扫描指针的回溯。     

基于虚参考点的生物阻抗测量方法

针对常规生物电阻抗测量容易引入相位误差的问题,提出了一种基于虚参考点的生物阻抗测量方法,利用虚参考点,通过简单计算可获得被测阻抗的电压信号相对虚参考点的幅值和相位,并根据参考电阻与被测阻抗在矢量空间的对应关系,可计算被测阻抗的模和相角,依据该方法构建了原型机,通过与Agilent4294A阻抗分析仪进行对比,证明该方法可明显地改善人体阻抗测量精度和准确性.     

用混合编码遗传算法实现匹配追踪算法

在分析总结浮点数编码和格雷码编码各自特点的基础上,提出了一种用浮点数和格雷码混合编码的遗传算法来实现匹配追踪算法.该算法有机结合了遗传算法和匹配追踪算法的优点,不仅能够得到较高精度的最佳匹配参数,而且有效地降低了计算量,克服了匹配追踪算法由于计算量太大而不能广泛应用的缺点.计算机仿真结果表明,该算法提取相位的精度和提取时间均有明显改善,证实了该算法的准确性.最后,将该算法应用于转子实验台的冲击信号特征提取中,提取结果证明了它的实际应用价值.