浅层低煤阶煤层气成藏条件分析

针对我国煤层气勘探开发的难题,从煤层气藏的气源和保存条件入手,深入分析了生物气作为气源在浅层低煤阶煤层气藏形成中的重要性,并研究了盖层条件、水文地质条件及甲烷菌的生气条件在浅层低煤阶煤层气藏的形成和保存过程中所起的作用.认为中国煤层气的勘探开发不应受氧化带的限制,在煤层上覆封盖条件较好的浅层寻找浅层低煤阶煤层气藏可能获得良好的经济效益.     

气相色谱法检测醒脑净冻干粉中龙脑和麝香酮的含量

建立气相色谱外标法分析醒脑净冻干粉中龙脑、麝香酮的含量。用INNOWAX(30 m×0.53 mm,1μm)色谱柱,火焰离子化检测器(FID)进行分析检测。在INNOWAX色谱柱上,龙脑与麝香酮能与其它组分很好的分离,分离度>2.0;龙脑浓度在2.03~0.000 230 mg/mL范围内,r=0.999 9;麝香酮浓度在1.09~0.000 109 mg/mL范围内,r=0.999 9;均呈现良好的线性关系。该方法对龙脑、麝香酮的加标回收率分别为94.1%~99.6%和93.3%~98.4%。该法操作简便、快速、准确性高、重复性好,对同一样品的5次平行测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)<3.0%,可作为本品的质量控制方法。     

统计分布中α因子与热力学量之关联

用三种经典分布的统计规律,计算了统计物理学中α因子与热力学量之间的关联,结果表明对单原子分子理想气体而言,其结论是一致的.同时讨论了范德瓦耳斯气体的α因子并给出了这种情况下相对于理想气体而言的修正项.     

液化气中硫醇结构组成研究

用化学分离结合GC／DFPD、GC-MS仪器分析方法对液化气中的硫醇结构组成进行了分析研究，建立了易于操作的液化气中硫醇分离流程及硫醇的定性．定量分析方法。结果表明，液化气中主要含有结构比较简单的硫醇，以甲硫醇和乙硫醇为主，这与液化气的组成特点相符合。     

Criterions and Measures of Route Selection of Shallowly Embedded Long.Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline in Mountain Areas

According to the engineering investigation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, the criterions and measures of route selection are drawn as follows： the flat landform is the first choice in route alignment. The foot of mountain is the first choice when the route passes by the valley. The route should pass by but the shady and deposited slope and not in sunny and erosive slope as possible as it can. The pipeline should be vertical to contour climbing and descending the mountain except steep slope. Tunnel can be used in crossing foothill. Perpendicularly traversing the river is better than beveling; the worst choice is to put the pipeline along the river. Bypass is the best choice in karsts area. The order of route selection should be pre-choosing, investigation, optimization and adjustment.     

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.     

基于气测资料的储层含油气性识别方法

基于气测资料构造适当的综合指标，分别利用模糊模式识别和误差反向传播（BP）神经网络两种方法对储层含油气性进行了分析。结果表明，气测资料与储层含油气性具有较强的相关性。模糊模式识别方法可以用来确定气测综合指标与储层含油气性之间的模糊关系，而且对待识别样品气测资料的随机性具有较强的适应性；神经网络法能够较准确地建立气测综合指标与储层含油气性之间的非线性关系，但在待识别样品气测资料具有随机性的情况下，识别结果具有随机性：利用模糊模式和BP神经网络方法对储层含油气性进行识别具有一定的可行性，能快速为储层含油气性分析提供一定的参考依据，并且前一种方法的识别效果优于后一种方法。     

注CO2油气藏流体体系油/水和油/气界面张力实验研究

采用高压界面张力装置测定了某油田在油藏温度下，原油中不同CO2注入量时油藏流体／地层水的界面张力，并考察了压力的影响。实验发现，随着原油中CO2注入量的增加，油藏流体／地层水界面张力不断减小。相同CO2注入量时，随着压力升高，油藏流体／地层水界面张力增大；当CO2摩尔分数达到0．650时，测得的油藏流体／地层水界面张力随压力的升高已变化很小，同时，从测得的PVT关系中也已很难分辨出泡点压力，体系接近一次接触混相的状态。当CO2摩尔分数为0．578时，油藏流体／CO2界面张力随着压力的升高而降低。研究表明，对某油井采用注CO2降低油藏流体／地层水、油藏流体／CO2间的界面张力的方法是可行的，注CO2方法在降低界面张力的同时，还增加了地层压力，对提高油井的采收率有利。     

气扫式膜蒸馏用于脱除水中氨的分离性能

针对气扫式膜蒸馏脱除水中氨的过程，以传质基本理论为依据，导出了考虑水中氨解离的总传质系数表达式，并建立了利用实验结果计算总传质系数和选择性系数的方程。在气扫式膜蒸馏实验中测定了各种操作条件下氨浓度和跨膜通量随时间的变化关系，并利用导出的方程、由实验结果得出了相应的总传质系数和选择性系数。研究结果表明，升高料液温度能够提高氨的总传质系数，但却使选择性系数下降；料液的流速对氨的总传质系数和选择性系数均无重要影响，但提高吹扫气速能使两者都明显上升；总传质系数和选择性系数随料液浓度的升高而略有下降；提高料液的初始pH值能同时明显地增大总传质系数和选择性系数。     

瓦斯水合物在含煤表面活性剂溶液中生成影响因素

为促进瓦斯水合物快速生成以预防煤与瓦斯突出,利用可视化实验系统,进行了14.3～25.4 ℃和18.66～26.70 Mpa条件下三种含煤表面活性剂溶液体系中瓦斯水合物生成过程的实验研究,得到了生成过程的p-T-t关系.结合水合物生成速度和含气率等计算模型对实验数据进行了计算,并对计算结果和实验过程进行了分析.结果表明:表面活性剂的加入缩短了水合物生成诱导时间,提高了生成速度和含气率,合成的水合物样品含气率达到136～150;多孔介质(煤)的存在对水合物的生成有较小的延缓;记忆效应对瓦斯水合物生成影响显著,在拥有水合物分解残余五面体环等结构的实验体系中,水合物生成诱导时间缩短10～20倍.