Capillary Zone Electrophoresis of some organic acids in milk whey

This paper describes a method for analysing some acids of milk whey by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. After eliminating the whey proteins by ultrafiltration, the whey underwent electrophoretic separation in the presence of anodic electroosmotic flow. The following analytes were detected: citric, orotic, uric, and hippuric acids. A procedure is described for sample preparation and the operating conditions for electrophoretic capillary separation established. Finally, orotic acid is quantitatively determined.     

Precision improvement for the analysis of flavonoids in selected Thai plants by capillary zone electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the analyses of kaempferol in Centella asiatica and Rosa hybrids and rutin in Chromolaena odorata was developed. The optimization was performed on analyses of flavonoids (e.g., rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and apigenin) and organic carboxylic acids (e.g., ethacrynic acid and xanthene-9-carboxylic acid) by investigation of the effects of types and amounts of organic modifiers, background electrolyte concentrations, temperature, and voltage. Baseline separation (R(s) = 2.83) of the compounds was achieved within 10 min in 20 mM NaH2PO4 - Na2HPO4 (pH 8.0) containing 10% v/v ACN and 6% v/v MeOH using a voltage of 25 kV, a temperature of 30 degrees C, and a detection wavelength set at 220 nm. The application of the corrected migration time (t(c)), using ethacrynic acid as the single marker, was efficient to improve the precision of flavonoid identification (% relative standard deviation (RSD) = 0.65%). The method linearity was excellent (r2 > 0.999) over 50-150 microg/mL. Precision (%RSD < 1.66%) and recoveries were good (> 96% and %RSDs < 1.70%) with detection and quantitation limits of 2.23 and 7.14 microg/mL, respectively. Kaempferol in C. asiatica and R. hybrids was 0.014 g/100 g (%RSD = 0.59%) and 0.044 g/100 g (%RSD = 1.04%), respectively, and rutin in C. odorata was 0.088 g/100 g (%RSD = 0.06%).     

A generic approach to the impurity profiling of drugs using standardised and independent capillary zone electrophoresis methods coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

Three standardised, capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS) methods were developed for the analysis of six drug candidates and their respective process-related impurities comprising a total of 22 analytes with a range of functional groups and lipophilicities. The selected background electrolyte conditions were found to be: 60/40 v/v 10 mM ammonium formate pH 3.5/organic, 60/40 v/v 10 mM ammonium acetate pH 7.0/organic and 10 mM piperidine, pH 10.5, where the organic solvent is 50/50 v/v methanol/acetonitrile. The coaxial sheath flow consisted of either 0.1% v/v formic acid in 50/50 v/v methanol/water, or 10 mM ammonium acetate in 50/50 v/v methanol/water, depending on the mixture being analysed. Factor analysis and informational theory were used to quantify the orthogonality of the methods and predict their complementarities. The three selected CZE-ESI-MS methods allowed the identification of 21 out of 22 of all the drug candidates and their process-related impurities and provided orthogonality with four established high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) methods. These methodologies therefore form the basis of a generic approach to impurity profiling of pharmaceutical drug candidates and can be applied with little or no analytical method development, thereby offering significant resource and time savings.     

设置扇形边界死区的电压型PWM整流器直接功率控制

利用电压型PWM整流器的数学模型分析了PWM整流器直接功率控制(DPC)的原理,讨论了功率滞环比较器环宽对PWM整流器的影响.为了降低开关频率和减少开关损失,增加功率滞环比较器环宽则引起瞬时有功功率和直流电压波动现象;提出了设置扇形边界死区的控制策略,减少扇形边界误选开关量现象,使瞬时有功功率和直流电压波形趋于平稳.通过Simulink环境下仿真模型的仿真,证明了该策略的可行性.     

某滑坡滑带非饱和土强度特性试验研究

借助专门的能够控制吸力的四联式非饱和土直剪仪,对清江水布垭坝区古树包滑坡滑带土的重塑样进行了一系列抗剪强度试验,验证了F red lud提出的非饱和土抗剪强度公式对滑带土的适用性,求出了该滑带非饱和土的强度参数;通过在一定基质吸力条件下量测含水率-固结压力之间的关系,指出土-水特征曲线与固结压力相关的特性。     

无线局域网在大型灌区监控网络互联中的应用

大型灌区监控系统互联是数字化灌区的物理平台。搭建这些平台可以实现节约用水与水利资源的综合调度，有利于灌区经济的可持续发展。由于这些监控系统分布在边远地区，实现它们的互联已经成为数字化灌区建设的一个关键性技术。文中根据陕西省交口抽渭管理局田市抽水站远程监控系统工程实践，详细论述了无线网桥、无线天线等设备的选型、以及它们的安装设计和调试，为今后数字化灌区建设提供了一些参考。     

火焰加热温度对6005A铝合金焊接接头性能的影响

针对铁路交通车辆用 60 0 5A铝合金型材的焊接变形 ,采用火焰加热方法进行矫正·研究了火焰加热温度对焊接接头抗拉强度、硬度及微观组织结构的影响·实验结果表明 ,当加热温度低于 2 0 0℃时 ,焊接接头的抗拉强度、硬度未降低 ,热影响区内软化区的显微组织未发生明显变化 ;当加热温度超过 2 0 0℃时 ,焊接接头的硬度发生较明显降低现象 ,软化区范围加宽·软化区材料性能下降的原因是在火焰加热的热输入过程中过热导致该区晶粒粗大     

具有特定孔道结构的分子筛骨架的设计

引入“禁区”的概念用于设计具有特定孔道的分子筛骨架结构，在模拟中，首先在某一设定晶胞中定义一个圆柱形禁区(类似分子筛中的孔道)，然后向禁区外投入独立T原子，根据对称性、原子间距不小于3．0A(Si～Si)的限定条件产生等效原子，用Cerius^2建立骨架模型，并进行结构修正，通过改变禁区半径、独立T原子数及晶胞参数，在P6／mmm(no．191)空间群中成功地设计了大量不同拓扑结构的分子筛骨架，其中既有已知骨架，如：LTL、MWW、DOH、DFO等，又包括很多结构新颖、能量合理的理论结构，这种方法为快速寻找具有特定孔道的新颖分子筛骨架结构提供了有效的途径，有利于分子筛材料的定向设计与合成。     

Initial organic geochemical investigation on Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian sediments in the Yangtze region, China

Totally 19 samples of typical Upper Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian sedimentary rocks were collected and analyzed for an organic geochemical investigation. Almost all these rocks have high TOCs, super-maturities and similar biomarker distribution. As an exception, however, the Sinian Nantuo Tillite shows much lower TOCs and little phytane and pristane in comparison with those in other strata, which implies a very faint photosynthetic process, and a restricted euphotic zone and quite limited sunlight within the sedimentary water column during the Sinian glaciation age in the western Yangtze region providing an evidence for palaeo-oceanic environment of the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth age.     

三峡库区消落带土壤中镉污染调查及分析

报道了三峡库区长江干流及小江支流消落带土壤中重金属镉含量背景值调查结果．结果表明目前土壤未被重金属镉污染．