直接鉴别超重元素Z和A的一种新的可能方法

随着合成的超重元素向超重岛逼近,合成截面越来越小,同时,合成的超重元素的寿命可能相对增长, 这对利用α衰变链的传统方法鉴别超重元素是非常不利的。 讨论了可能突破这个瓶颈的一种可以直接鉴别超重元素原子序数Z和质量A的新方法, 即与RFQ离子阱技术相结合的激光多步共振电离方法, 对实现这种方法的途径、 该方法所面临的困难和挑战、需要进行的前期研究工作以及该方法的可能性和可行性进行了较详细的讨论。 With the synthesis of heavy elements approaching the super heavy island, the production cross section becomes smaller and the lifetime of the super heavy element becomes longer, which results in the difficulties for identification of theelements by using conventional alpha decay chain technique. In order to overcome the difficulties, a novel approach to direct identification of atomic number Z and nuclear mass A for super heavy elements is proposed, namely, the multi step resonant laser ionization of singly charged ions in combination with RFQ trap. The routine for the experiment is presented, and the possibilities, feasibilities, as well as the problems to be faced, are discussed in detail.     

基于灰度曲面匹配的虹膜识别方法

目前的虹膜识别都是采用在图像上提取特征点,并将特征点编码为固定长度的特征数据用于匹配的方式。这种方式使虹膜识别系统易受攻击。为了进一步提高虹膜识别系统的安全性和识别速度,提出了一种基于灰度曲面匹配的虹膜识别方法。该方法抛弃了特征提取和编码等传统操作,在特征分析的基础上直接利用了灰度曲面匹配的思想,首先对两幅图像中的像素灰度做差,得到灰度差曲面,然后求出该灰度差曲面的方差。将此方差作为衡量两个虹膜特征曲面之间距离的依据,并据此判定两个虹膜是否来自同一只眼睛。在给定阈值为40的前提下,正确识别率为96.89%,识别时间为53.2 ms。实验结果证明,该方法识别准确率高,识别速度快。     

一种新型时间测量探测器──多气隙电阻板室

介绍了具有6层气隙的电阻板室的结构和工作原理.用动量7GeV/c的粒子束测量了该探测器的性能,得到时间分辨为60—70ps,探测效率大于97%.在动量为3GeV/c的正电荷粒子束流测试中,用该探测器获得了p和π的时间谱,实现了很好的粒子分辨.     

Transient Nutation EPR Spectroscopy of Condensed Media (Review)

The application of transient nutations in EPR spectroscopy of condensed media is considered. The main methods of formation and observation of transient nutations are presented. The laws governing this phenomenon in twolevel and multilevel spin systems and also in inhomogeneous broadening of EPR lines are described. Recent advances in the use of transient nutations to separate overlapping spectra, identify quantum numbers and quantum transitions, investigate the kinetics of photoinduced paramagnetic centers, and determine relaxation times for a wide range of crystalline and disordered media are presented.     

Parameter identification for viscoelastic materials

Starting from the general stress-strain relation for a linear Boltzmann-Volterra material, which is in agreement with the principle of inertia, a new identification procedure is proposed. Instead of running one long-range relaxation experiment, following asingle suitably specified deformation history, material characterization is done using the data ofn short relaxation experiments followingn different deformation histories. To interpret these data a direct non-iterative algorithm has been developed. Compared with other methods, for example curve fitting by using Gauss' method, this direct method is numerically stable and allows a simple direct evaluation of the error due to the scattering of experimental data. The method has been applied to the determination of the relaxation times of an unsaturated polyester material.     

用近场声学测量信息可视化多个三维障碍物的一种快速算法

提出了用点声源散射场的近场信息来可视化多个三维障碍物的一种简单快速算法,它是通过利用一个线性方程组的解的三维等值线图来实现这种可视化的.这个算法的一个特别吸引人的性质是,它避开了迭代技术的应用,而且不需要关于障碍物的任何几何和物理的先验信息.此外,它只需要散射场在测量表面的某个有限范围中若干个观测点处的近场测量信息,就能得到障碍物的一个很理想的可视化.数值算例保证了这个可视化算法是有效和实用的 关键词： 声散射 反问题 物形反演     

Approximate chemical analysis of volcanic glasses using Raman spectroscopy

The effect of chemical composition on the Raman spectra of a series of natural calcalkaline silicate glasses has been quantified by performing electron microprobe analyses and obtaining Raman spectra on glassy filaments (~450 µm) derived from a magma mingling experiment. The results provide a robust compositionally‐dependent database for the Raman spectra of natural silicate glasses along the calcalkaline series. An empirical model based on both the acquired Raman spectra and an ideal mixing equation between calcalkaline basaltic and rhyolitic end‐members is constructed enabling the estimation of the chemical composition and degree of polymerization of silicate glasses using Raman spectra. The model is relatively insensitive to acquisition conditions and has been validated using the MPI‐DING geochemical standard glasses 1 as well as further samples. The methods and model developed here offer several advantages compared with other analytical and spectroscopic methods such as infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, electron and ion microprobe analyses, inasmuch as Raman spectroscopy can be performed with a high spatial resolution (1 µm²) without the need for any sample preparation as a nondestructive technique. This study represents an advance in efforts to provide the first database of Raman spectra for natural silicate glasses and yields a new approach for the treatment of Raman spectra, which allows us to extract approximate information about the chemical composition of natural silicate glasses using Raman spectroscopy. We anticipate its application in handheld in situ terrestrial field studies of silicate glasses under extreme conditions (e.g. extraterrestrial and submarine environments). © 2015 The Authors Journal of Raman Spectroscopy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

传声器阵列对高频弱声源的声成像识别方法

研究了传声器阵列对高频弱声源的识别定位方法。该方法根据高频声源的指向性和阵列探测特性等特点,提出了利用信噪比加权方法提高有效阵元对声成像的贡献,根据信噪比的大小对每个阵元添加不同的权值,可以显著提高传声器阵列对高频弱声源的声像清晰度。仿真分析了阵元加权和不加权两种方法对阵列声成像结果的影响,以某型号笔记本电脑电路板噪声为对象进行的实验表明,在阵列测量中充分利用有效阵元信号可以实现对声压级低达10~20dB的微弱噪声源的精确测量。     

识别运动声源随机阵列生成法研究

针对随机阵列结构设计方面欠缺高效的生成方法这一问题,在保证阵列对声源识别精度的前提下,提出一种在极坐标下用于识别运动声源的随机阵列生成方法。根据声阵列识别运动声源的原理,推导了非等间距基本同轴圆环的半径,再通过降列分区、极坐标下条件筛选和模拟评价三个步骤,生成适用于识别运动声源的目标随机阵列,最后进行数值模拟和运动汽车噪声源识别实验进行验证。研究结果表明,用该方法能够高效地生成目标随机阵列,与常用规则阵列相比具有更良好的声源识别特性,并且具有准确的运动声源识别性能。     

EMD与神经网络在气液两相流流型识别中的应用

本文提出了EMD与Elman神经网络相结合的气液两相流流型识别的新方法.将压差波动信号经验模态分解(EMD)后的固有模态函数(IMF)进行分析、提取IMF能量作为Elman神经网络的输入特征向量,对水平管内的气液两相流流型进行识别.实验结果表明:该方法优于BP网络且稳定、识别率高,具有可行性.