制备条件对Na2 Ta2 O6光催化剂形貌的影响

结合固相反应与水热法制得一种新型的光催化剂Na2Ta2O6,通过XRD、SEM对样品进行表征,并且研究了时间、温度及pH值等制备因素对样品形貌的影响.研究发现Na2Ta2O6样品为一种特殊的棒状结构.内部是由颗粒组成的絮状物.延长水热处理时间或升高温度,样品表面会变得越来越光滑.前驱体在150℃于不同pH值下水热处理24 h后,其形貌将发生很大的变化.当pH=13时Na2Ta2O6样品仍保持特殊的棒状结构.pH=9时,则棒完全由立方小颗粒组成.而pH=7时,棒状结构遭到破坏,变为不规则的颗粒.     

Keggin型多酸基超分子化合物H3[{H(4-AP)}6(PMoⅤ6MoⅥ6O40)]的结构和电催化性能

通过水热合成方法,以钼酸铵、氯化镍和4-氨基吡啶为原料成功合成了一个Keggin型多酸基超分子化合物H₃[{H(4-AP)}₆(PMo^V₆Mo^VI₆O₄₀)] (4-AP=4-氨基吡啶)。该化合物的结构单元包含一个[PMo^V₆Mo^VI₆O₄₀]^9-阴离子和6个质子化的配体。而[PMo^V₆Mo^VI₆O₄₀]^9-阴离子与配体之间通过N(1)—H(1)…O(3)、N(2)—H(2A)…O(5)和N(2)—H(2B)…O(1)三种氢键相互作用,进而形成二维超分子层。通过X射线单晶衍射、IR和粉末X射线衍射对其进行表征。晶体结构分析表明:该标题化合物属于三方晶系,R-3空间群,a=2.191 2 (10) nm, b=2.191 2 (10) nm, c=1.042 3(5) nm, α=β=90°, γ=120°, V=4.333 8(4) nm³, Z=3, R₁=0.036 2, wR₂=0.095 6, 电催化性质研究表明该标题化合物对H₂O₂和K₂Cr₂O₇具有良好的电催化还原效果,以及对抗坏血酸具有良好的电催化氧化效果。     

Cobalt(II) Oxide Solubility and Phase Stability in Alkaline Media at Elevated Temperatures

A platinum-lined, flowing autoclave facility was used to investigate the solubility behavior of cobalt(II) oxide (CoO) in deoxygenated ammonium and sodium hydroxide solutions between 22 and 288°C. Co(II) ion activity in aqueous solution was controlled by a hydrous Co(II) oxide when nitrogen was used for deoxygenation and by metallic cobalt when hydrogen was used. Measured cobalt solubilities are interpreted using a Co(II) ion hydroxo- and amminocomplexing model and thermodynamic functions for these equilibria were obtained from a least-squares analysis of the data. A common set of thermodynamic properties for the species Co(OH)⁺, Co(OH)₂(aq) and Co(OH)(NH₃)⁺ is provided to permit accurate cobalt oxide solubility calculations over broad ranges of temperature and alkalinity.     

有机分散剂对ZrO2粉体粒度的影响

借助粒度分析仪、ＳＥＭ形貌观察,研究了以ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３为沉淀剂的溶胶共沉淀法制备ＺｒＯ２粉末过程中有机分散剂对粉体团聚状态及颗粒度的影响．结果表明,沉淀过程、烘干过程中ＰＶＡ的加入可以大大改善粉体的团聚状态,适当匹配ＰＶＡ用量可以获得基本无团聚的粉末．ＰＶＡ的最佳匹配为：沉淀过程质量分数７％,烘干过程质量分数３％．     

{Co6}簇加成的夹心型锗钨酸盐的合成、结构及电化学性质

通过水热反应合成了一个{Co₆}簇加成的夹心型锗钨酸盐:[Co(dien)₂]{[Co(dien)(H₂O)]₂[Co(dien)]₂[Co₆(en)₂(μ₃-OH)₂(H₂O)₆(GeW₈O₃₁)₂]}·5.5H₂O (1), 其中 dien=diethylenetriamine, en=ethylenediamine。该化合物的阴离子是一个带状{Co₆}簇夹心的三明治型{Co₆}@{GeW₈}₂结构。通过单晶 X射线衍射、元素分析、红外光谱、粉末 X射线衍射和热重实验对该化合物进行了系统性地表征。通过循环伏安测试研究了该化合物的电化学性质, 同时其在电催化还原亚硝酸盐实验中展现出良好的催化活性。     

无模板法合成介孔棒状钴酸锰及其苯乙烯环氧化反应性能

通过简单的无模板水热法及煅烧处理成功合成了介孔棒状钴酸锰。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气吸附-脱附和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对材料的晶体结构、表面形貌、孔结构和表面化学组成进行了表征。结果表明,目标产物钴酸锰样品介孔结构形成良好,孔径分布在6 nm。此外,钴酸锰的棒状形貌直径为100～200 nm,长度为2～3μm。相比于其他Co基、Mn基催化剂,钴酸锰被首次应用在苯乙烯环氧化反应中,表现出了极高的催化活性,苯乙烯的转化率达到95.8%,对氧化苯乙烯的选择性为58.2%。而且,在5次循环试验后,催化活性并没有发生明显的改变,进一步证明了催化剂的稳定性。同时,系统研究了主要反应参数(反应时间、反应温度、苯乙烯/叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)的物质的量比值)对介孔棒状钴酸锰催化活性的影响。     

NaA型分子筛膜的合成及分离性能的研究

在自制的片状多孔陶瓷载体上,通过多次原位水热晶化合成出ＮａＡ型分子筛膜,通过扫描电子显微镜观测,发现在某些区域,小颗粒的ＮａＡ型分子筛以非常紧密的形式畸晶孪生在一起,其致密度远好于由分子筛晶粒松散无规律堆积而形成的膜排列经类膜生长形式可能是获得取致密无缺陷型分子筛膜的一种途径,单组分及双组分气体渗透测试结果表明,在所合成的分子筛膜上,晶粒间隙孔可能是主要的膜扩散通道,可凝聚气体异丁烷因发生毛细管凝     

Hydrothermal synthesis, structure and property of nano-BaTiO3-based dielectric materials

A series of Ba_1-xSr_xTi_1-yZr_yO₃ (0≤x≤0.5, 0≤y≤0.4) and BA_1?xZn_xTi_1?ySn_yO₃ (0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3) solid solutions were synthesized by low-temperature/low-pressure hydrothermal method below 170°C, 0.8 MPa. XRD pattern and cell parameters-composition figures of these prepared powders demonstrated that they are completely miscible solid solutions based on BaTiO₃. Furthermore, TEM showed that they have a shape of uniform, substantially spherical particles with an average particle size of 70 nm in diameter. The sintered ceramics of those powders doped by Sr²⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ or Zn²⁺ and Sn⁴⁺ have dielectric constant twelve times higher than and dielectric loss 1/6 those of pure BaTiO₃ phase at room temperature.     

Thermogravimetric Investigations During the Synthesis of Silica-based MCM-41

MCM-41 material was synthesized starting from hydrogel containing colloidal fumed silica, sodium silicate, cetyltetramethylammonium bromide(CTMABr) as surfactant, and distilled water as solvent. These reactants were mixed to obtain a gel with the following composition: 4SiO₂:1Na₂O:1CTMABr:200H₂O. The hydrogel with pH=14 was hydrothermally treated at100°C, for 4 days. Each day, the pH was measured, and then adjusted to 9.5–10 by using 30%acetic acid solution. Thermogravimetry was the main technique, which was used to monitor the participation of the surfactant on the MCM-41 nanophase, being possible to determine the temperature ranges relative to water desorption as well as the surfactant decomposition and silanol condensation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Morphological Changes and Twinning of ZnS (Sphalerite) Crystallites under Hydrothermal Conditions

Morphological characteristics and twinning mechanism of ZnS crystals under hydrothermal conditions have been investigated in this paper. It was shown that under hydrothermal conditions the morphology of ZnS crystallites changes along the four‐fold axis directions, and the crystals are observed in a positive or negative tetrahedron, or in a combination of positive and negative tetrahedra depending on the growth conditions. The positive tetrahedral areas on the crystallites get larger with increase of the concentrations of OH^‐ and S^2‐ in solutions, whereas the twinned crystallites of ZnS taking an elliptic shape with (111) as composition plane are easily formed in weak basic solutions. It can be found that the morphologies of ZnS crystals are in accordance with the crystallization orientations of positive or negative coordination tetrahedra ([S‐Zn₄]⁶⁺, [Zn‐S₄]^6‐) in the crystal although, in some cases, the practical morphology could be greatly affected by growth conditions, and the twinning mechansim can be suggested based on the linkage of growth units of positive and negative coordination tetrahedra, which were formed in the solution. The present investigations further indicated that the crystal chemistry approach based on the linkage/incorporation of growth units previously proposed by us can be sucessfully applied to interpret the growth mechanisms of the crystals and to control a desirable morphology.