石墨烯/二氧化锰复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

通过水热法在160℃条件下成功制备了手风琴状石墨烯/MnO2复合材料.通过场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线能量色散谱、BET法以及拉曼光谱对材料进行表征.结果表明,手风琴状二氧化锰与层状石墨烯之间具有十分高效的贴合,这种创新性设计有效地利用了石墨烯的高电导率、大比表面积以及二氧化锰的优秀赝电容行为.电化学测试结果给出在0.2 A·g-1时,样品的比电容高达138 F·g-1,数倍增强于单独的二氧化锰或石墨烯样品.     

具有3维阳离子超分子框架结构的(4,4'-BipyH2)2(FeCl4)3·Cl的水热合成和晶体结构

通过水热反应合成了一种新的具有3维阳离子超分子框架结构的化合物(4,4'-BipyH2)2(FeCl4)3·Cl(1),并对该化合物进行了X-射线单品结构表征.该化合物具有孤立结构特征,在分子中含有4,4'-BipyH2,FeCl4和氯离子.它们通过氢键形成3维阳离子超分子框架结构.(FeCl4)-离子位于该超分子框架结构的空隙中.     

微纳米铜粉的水热法制备及摩擦学性能研究

以硝酸铜、氢氧化钠、氨水为原料,利用预先制备出的纳米氧化铜为模板,在水热条件下制备出了分散均匀、晶相纯净的微纳米铜粉末,研究了反应时间对产物形貌的影响,分别用XRD、SEM及摩擦磨损实验机表征制备样品的物相、形貌及摩擦学性能,结果表明制备出的微纳米铜粉末具有良好的抗磨性能.     

Li-LSX分子筛制备及其氮气吸附性能研究

采用两步水热法合成低硅铝比沸石（LSX）,用SEM、TG—DTA和激光粒度分析仪对其进行表征与分析;用水热交换法以Na或K离子为过渡离子,以NH4-LSX为中间产物,在碱性条件下制备Li—LSX,并用BEL比表面分析仪和原子吸收光谱仪对氮气吸附量和锂离子交换度进行表征．结果表明：制备的LSX粒度均匀、结晶度和热稳定性良好,但Li—LSX的热稳定性有所下降;以K离子为过渡离子,NH4-LSX为中间产物制备的LbLSX氮气吸附容量可达到26mL／g,Li离子交换度达到97．1％,LiOH的利用率达到90％以上．     

Preparing Ca-P coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy by hydrothermal method: In vitro degradation behavior

Magnesium alloys are potentially attractive biodegradable materials.However,their rapid corrosion rate limits their biomedical application.To slow down the rate of biodegradation,a protective calcium-phosphate coating was formed on a magnesium alloy substrate by a hydrothermal method.Scanning electron microscope results showed that the coating consisted of two layers with different crystalline characteristics.The loose outer layer showed a prism-like crystal structure,while the compact inner layer is a dense ultra-fine regular di-pyramid-like structure with an average grain dimension of ～200 nm.The compositions of the inner layer and outer layer were calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPa),respectively.The coating adhered well to the substrate with a thickness of about 15 m.Immersion in Hank’s solution indicated that the coating could significantly improve the degradation properties of magnesium alloy.The pH of the solution containing the coated samples increased much more slowly than the untreated control.After 8 d immersion,the uncoated sample had corroded seriously while the coated sample was much less corroded.The Ca/P atom ratio in both the layers of the coating increased and the coating was still protecting the substrate.The two layers of the coating corroded differently because of differences in solubility.The outer layer was more severely attacked and many holes were formed on the surface,the inner layer suffered less attack.In addition,a growth of precipitate on the inner layer was observed,indicating that surface bioactivity was improved by the coating.Thus,magnesium alloys coated with a Ca-P coating prepared by a hydrothermal method are promising candidate biodegradable biomaterials,and further investigation of in vivo degradation behavior is suggested.     

水热法制备单质铜

用乙二胺,联苯二酸,CuCl2在酸性条件下采用水热法制得到了晶形良好、纯度较高的单质铜,并对得到的产物进行了元素分析及TG分析.在此基础上,对本体系的反应机理进行了初步探讨,发现酸性介质和水热条件都有助于增强乙二胺的还原性.     

尖锥八面体Fe3O4的水热合成及微波吸收性能

采用水热法,在碱性条件下,以PEG-6000与水的混合溶液为反应介质,以硫代硫酸钠氧化前驱体氢氧化亚铁制备Fe3O4晶粉.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物结构和形貌进行表征.用微波矢量网络分析仪测试了样品在2～18 GHz微波频率范围内的复介电常数和复磁导率,计算微波反射系数,探讨材料的微波损耗机制.研究结果表明:在水热反应一定时间后,得到单分散的尖晶石型Fe3O4晶粒,颗粒呈规则的尖锥八面体形貌且表面平整;对反应为12h、厚度为2.8 mm的样品,7.1 GHz频率位置的反射系数峰值为-35 dB,小于-10dB吸收带宽为7.9 GHz;低频段(2～13 GHz)的微波吸收主要源于磁损耗兼具介电损耗,高频段(13～18GHz)的微波吸收主要源于介电损耗且磁损耗弱.尖锥微八面体Fe3O4是一种低反射率宽带微波吸收材料.     

辽河油田齐40块蒸汽驱二氧化碳成因分析

渤海湾盆地辽河油田欢喜岭地区齐40块稠油油藏历经多年的蒸汽驱开发,其伴生气体中CO_2含量已上升至60%～90%。通过对该区块的油藏条件及开发前后的储层流体矿物分析,认为CO_2浓度的上升主要由于蒸汽驱开发导致油藏温度升高,储层流体和矿物发生化学反应结果,其中与CO_2形成有关的化学反应包括:稠油水裂解、硫酸盐热还原、矿物碳酸盐的分解与转化。室内模拟实验结果结合现场伴生气体的δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值(+1.7‰～+6.6‰)证实了CO_2主要来源为碳酸盐岩的分解。     

导电聚苯胺线膜修饰ZnO纳米棒阵列的可控制备及其紫外探测性能

基于p-n结的光生伏特效应可构筑性能优异的UV探测器,本文采用水热法可控制备竖直排列的氧化锌纳米棒阵列(n型ZnO-NRs),利用原位聚合法在ZnO-NRs表面上修饰p型聚苯胺线膜(PANI-NWs),再组装成ZnO-NRs与ZnO-NRs/PANI-NWs紫外探测器.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫...     

ZnO超细纳米线阵列的制备及其电化学性能

以Zn(NO₃)₂· 6H₂O和C₆H₁₂N₄为原材料,采用二步水热法在碳纤维布上合成了形貌尺寸均匀的ZnO超细纳米线阵列。用 X 射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,利用恒流充放电测试等手段对其进行电化学性能测试。测试结果表明,材料表现出优异的电化学性能。在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环150次后,ZnO超细纳米线阵列仍然约有730 mAh/g的充放电比容量,库伦效率保持在95%以上。在1 200 mA/g的大倍率条件下,材料的充放电比容量依旧可达481 mAh/g左右,表现出十分良好的循环稳定性和可逆性能,是一种较为理想的锂离子电池负极复合材料。